Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Yr 10-11 > Unit 16 reproduction > Flashcards

Unit 16 reproduction Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is asexual reproduction

A

the process resulting in genetically identical offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

advantages of asexual reproduction

A

only one parent is needed which saves time and energy
reproduction is very quick
if there are desirable features, offspring will inherit them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

disadvantages of asexual reproduction

A

vulnerable to environmental changes such as disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is fertilization

A

the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes that form a zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the nucleus of the gamete

A

haploid because they have a single set of unpaired chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the nucleus of the zygote

A

diploid and contains two sets of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

advantages of sexual reproduction

A

variation making it resistant to environmental change
farmers can produce crops that have the best characteristics. This is known as selective breeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

disadvantages of sexual reproduction

A

must spend time and energy looking for a mate
much slower to reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is pollination

A

the transfer of pollen from the male part of the flower to the female part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the features of the male part of the plant

A

called the stamen, made of the anther and the filament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the features of the female part of the plant

A

called the carpel, has a stigma with a style connecting it to the ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where is pollen produced

A

in the anthers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where do the seeds develop

A

in the ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the function of the sepal

A

to protect the growing flower and keep it from drying out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the function of the petal

A

to attract insects to carry out pollination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the function of the anther

A

produce pollen grains which contains male gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the function of the stigma

A

to trap pollen from other flowers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the function of the ovary in plants

A

contains ovules which develop into seeds after fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are features of pollen that is transferred by insects

A

have a spiky outer layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are features of pollen that is transferred by wind

A

lighter and smoother with more being produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is self pollination

A

the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to the stigma of the same flower or a different flower on the same plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is cross pollination

A

the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower on a different plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

features of wind pollinated flower

A

petals are small and dull
anthers are loosely attached and dangle outside the flower to reach wind
stigma is loosely attached and outside the flower to catch pollen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

features of insect pollinated flowers

A

petals large and brightly colored
anther located inside flower to touch insects
stigma located inside flower to touch insects

25
Q

what happens in plants after pollination

A

a pollen tube begins to grow towards the ovary and sperm moves through the tube

26
Q

what do seeds need to germinate

A

water
oxygen
suitable temperature

27
Q

what is the function of the testes

A

produce sperm cells and testosterone

28
Q

what is the function of the scrotum

A

contains the testes to keep them at lower temperatures

29
Q

what is the function of the prostate gland

A

secretes fluid that nourishes and protects the sperm
mixture of this liquid known as semen
alkaline in nature

30
Q

what is the function of the sperm duct

A

tube that connects the urethra to the testes

31
Q

what is the function of the urethra

A

allows semen and urine through the centre of the penis

32
Q

what is the function of the penis

A

inserted into vagina so that sperm can be transferred into the womans body

33
Q

what is the function of the ovary

A

produce egg cells and the hormones estrogen and progesterone

34
Q

what is the function of the oviduct

A

tube connecting an ovary to the uterus

35
Q

what is the function of the uterus

A

organ in which embryo develops

36
Q

what is the function of the cervix

A

ring of muscle between vagina and uterus

37
Q

what is the function of the vagina

A

elastic muscular canal where penis is inserted

38
Q

adaptations of sperm cells

A

tip of the head(acrosome) secretes digestive enzymes that dissolve the surface of the egg cell
flagellum that moves like a tail for movement
contains lots of mitochrondria to release energy

39
Q

what do egg cells contain

A

nucleus
surrounded by cytoplasm containing energy stores
jelly coating that changes after fertilisation

40
Q

difference between egg cells and sperm cells

A

egg cells are much longer than sperm cells
40 million- 300 million sperm cells produced per ejaculation but only one egg per month
egg cells cannot move on their own but sperm can

41
Q

what happens in early development of they zygote

A

forms an embryo which is a ball of cells

42
Q

what is the amniotic sac

A

protective layer that surrounds the fetus

43
Q

what is amniotic fluid

A

contains nutrients and protects the fetus

44
Q

what is the placenta and its functions

A

grows and attaches to the wall of the fetus
transfers substances from the mother to the fetus
transfers waste substances from the fetus to the mother
provides a barrier to many toxins and pathogens

44
Q

what isthe main male sex hormone

A

testosterone

45
Q

what is the main female sex hormone

A

estrogen

46
Q

what is ovulation

A

when an egg is released every 4 weeks

47
Q

what is phase one of the menstrual cycle

A

MENSTRUATION(day 1-5)
unfertilized egg,lining of the uterus and blood exit through the vagina

48
Q

what is phase 2 of the menstrual cycle

A

REPAIR PHASE(day 6-12)
blood flow stops
lining of uterus thickens and becomes stable
changes are triggered by FSH which causes rise in estrogen levels

49
Q

What happens on day 14 of the menstrual cycle

A

egg is released into the oviduct
level of estrogen peaks and stimulates Luteinising hormone which causes ovulation
since estrogen is high FSH goes down
formation of a corpeus luteum

50
Q

what is day 22-28 of the menstrual cycle

A

PRE-MENSTRUATION PHASE
uterus lining degenerates

51
Q

what hormones are produced by the pituitary gland

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormones
Luteinising Hormone

52
Q

what happens when progesterone levels go higher

A

FSH and LH go down

53
Q

what is the interaction of the hormones

A

in beginning FSH is released which causes release of estrogen
as estrogen rises FSH is limited
LH is stimulated which causes egg to be released
progesterone is then produced which inhibits FSH and LH.

54
Q

what does progesterone do

A

maintains the lining of the uterus

55
Q

what are Sexually Transmitted Infections

A

infections that are transmitted through sexual contact

56
Q

what is human immunodeficiency virus

A

HIV is a pathogen that causes an STI which can lead to AIDs

57
Q

how can STIs be stopped

A

avoid sexual contact
contraception

58
Q

what does AIDs do

A

acquired immune deficiency virus which destroys the bodys immune system

Biology Yr 10-11 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions