Unit 5 Vocab

Question 1

Social contract

Answer 1

-The agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights, creating an organized society
-Thomas Hobbs

Question 2

Natural rights

Answer 2

-The rights that all people are born with
-According to John Locke: life, liberty, and property

Question 3

Separation of powers

Answer 3

-the assignment of executive, legislative, and judicial powers
-keeps everyone in balance
-Baron de Montesquieu

Question 4

Bourgeoisie

Answer 4

-Social order dominated by the land-owning class
-In the 19th century=middle class

Question 5

Conservatives

Answer 5

-Europeans who wanted preserve traditional monarchies
-Mostly wealthy landowners and nobles

Question 6

Liberals

Answer 6

-Europeans who wanted to give more political power to elected parliaments
-Mostly middle-class business leaders and merchants

Question 7

Radicals

Answer 7

-Europeans who favored drastic change to extend democracy to all people

Question 8

Manifesto

Answer 8

-A public declaration of intentions, opinions, objectives, or motives by government or organization

Question 9

Nation-state

Answer 9

-An independent nation of people having common culture and identity

Question 10

Nationalism

Answer 10

-The belief that people should be loyal to their culture and history
-Not loyal to king or empire
-Can be extreme

Question 11

Cottage industries

Answer 11

-Industries on a small-scale that can be done in the home
-Laborers, frequently women, use raw materials from capitalist entrepreneurs

Question 12

Labor union

Answer 12

-An organization of workers created to defend interests of members through strikes or negotiations

Question 13

Laissez-faire capitalism

Answer 13

-An economic doctrine that opposes government regulation or interference in commerce

Question 14

Proletariat

Answer 14

-Class of wage-earners in an economic society
-Considered to be oppressed by capitalism and the wage system

Question 15

Socialism

Answer 15

-An economic system in which factors are owned by the public and operated for the welfare of all

Question 16

Communism

Answer 16

-An economic and social system that promotes collective ownership of property and production

Question 17

Utilitarianism

Answer 17

-Doctrine that an action is right if it promotes happiness
-The greatest of happiness should be the guiding principle of conduct

Question 18

Urbanization

Answer 18

-The growth of cities and migration of people into them

Question 19

Abolition movement

Answer 19

-The movement to end slavery
-Historic movement that sought to end Atlantic slave trade

Question 20

Feminism

Answer 20

-A range of movements to obtain equality of genders
-Originated during the Enlightenment