Unit 5 MKP

Question 1

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 1

(1769)
-French emperor who took power in a coup
-hero of French Revolution
-his legal code influenced other legal systems
-considered greatest military commander of all time

Question 2

Adam Smith

Answer 2

(1723-1790)
-Enlightenment thinker and author of the Wealth of Nations
-Considered to be the founder of capitalism

Question 3

Karl Marx

Answer 3

(1818-1883)
-Co-author of the Communist Manifesto
-theories said that societies progress through class struggle between bourgeoisie and proletariat

Question 4

Simon Bolivar

Answer 4

(1783-1830)
-Venezuelan who played key role in Latin America independence
-helped lay foundations for democratic ideology

Question 5

Baron de Montesquieu

Answer 5

(1689-1755)
-Enlightenment thinker who advocated for the separation of powers and checks and balances

Question 6

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 6

(1743-1826)
-American founding father, president, and author of Declaration of Independence

Question 7

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Answer 7

(1712-1778)
-French philosopher who influenced American and French Revolutions through his idea of social contract

Question 8

John Locke

Answer 8

(1632-1704)
-English philosopher who believed in natural rights and governments were supposed to protect the rights
-Works influenced Founding Fathers

Question 9

Voltaire

Answer 9

(1694-1778)
-French Enlightenment thinker who believed in freedom of religion and separation of church and state
-used satire and ridicule to get his points across

Question 10

James Watt

Answer 10

(1736-1819)
-Scottish inventor
-steam engine

Question 11

Louis XVI (16th)

Answer 11

(1754-1793)
-Last King of France before French Revolution
-Tried to reform France with Enlightenment ideas but failed
-Financial crises and his weak leadership led to outbreak of French Revolution

Question 12

Camilo di Cavour

Answer 12

(1810-1861)
-Leading figure in Italian unification movement
-Prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia
-Briefly first prime minister of Italy

Question 13

Otto von Bismarck

Answer 13

(1815-1898)
-Minister President of Prussia and first Chancellor of Germany
-Led German unification efforts
-Saw newly formed German empire rise as a major power

Question 14

Henry Bessemer

Answer 14

(1813-1898)
-English inventor
-Made steelmaking ten times more efficient

Question 15

John Stuart Mill

Answer 15

(1806-1873)
-British philosopher and political economist
-Supported utilitarianism
-Contributed to scientific methodology and school of classical liberalism

Question 16

Toussaint Louverture

Answer 16

(1743-1803)
-Leader of the Haitian Revolution
-Transformed early slave rebellion into revolution
-Established first free black state in western hemisphere

Question 17

Mary Wollstonecraft

Answer 17

(1759-1797)
-Enlightenment thinker who advocated women’s rights
-Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women

Question 18

Maximilien Robespierre

Answer 18

(1758-1794)
-Influential figure in French Revolution
-Advocated for democratic institutions and French Republic
-Later became leader in Revolution’s Reign of Terror before his execution

Question 19

Father Hidalgo

Answer 19

(1753-1811)
-Spanish Catholic priest
-Leader of Mexican War of Independence and recognized at the Father of the Nation
-Gave famous speech “Cry of Dolores” for people to revolt against Spain

Question 20

Sergei Witte

Answer 20

(1849-1915)
-Key figure in Russian politics
-Attracted foreign capital to boost industrialization

Question 21

Samuel Slater

Answer 21

(1768-1835)
-Known as “Father of the American Industrial Revolution”
-Brought and modified textile technology

Question 22

Sultan Mahmud II

Answer 22

(1785-1839)
-Responsible for putting Ottoman Empire onto modernization with Tanzimat Reforms
-Showed interest in westernizing Ottoman Empire