Unit 4 Vocab

Question 1

Conquistador

Answer 1

Spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the Americas

Question 2

Triangular trade (Atlantic system)

Answer 2

The transatlantic trading network along which slaves and other goods traveled through Africa, England, the West Indies, and North American colonies

Question 3

Colonialism

Answer 3

Policy where a nation administers a foreign territory and develops it for resources or colonial power

Question 4

Viceroy

Answer 4

-Member of the nobility appointed to rule a country as the deputy
-alternate for king

Question 5

Columbian Exchange

Answer 5

Global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during colonization of the Americas

Question 6

Commercialization

Answer 6

-An economic system in which merchants trade and invest money in order to make a profit
-prices are determined by supply and demand

Question 7

Mercantilism

Answer 7

Economic policy where nations wanted to increase wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than were purchased

Question 8

Joint-stock corporation

Answer 8

Association of individuals in a business enterprise with transferable shares of stock

Question 9

Coercive labor

Answer 9

A system where workers are forced to work (slavery)

Question 10

Encomienda

Answer 10

-A grant of land made by Spain to any settler in the Americas
-included the right to use natives as laborers
-established relations based on economic dominance

Question 11

Mita (repartimiento)

Answer 11

-Forced labor system replacing Indian slaves and encomienda workers
-used to mobilize labor for mines and other projects
-European adaptation of the Incan working system

Question 12

Indentured servitude

Answer 12

Labor system where a person is bound by indentures to work for a specific time

Question 13

Haciendas

Answer 13

-Rural agriculture and herding estates
-produced for consumers in America
-basis for wealth and power of local aristocracy

Question 14

Plantation systems

Answer 14

A large estate in the tropics where cash crops are grown, usually using coercive labor

Question 15

Peninsulares

Answer 15

Spanish-born residents of the New World

Question 16

Creoles

Answer 16

Colonists who were born in Latin America to Spanish parents

Question 17

Casitas

Answer 17

A Spanish/Portuguese system of racial classification

Question 18

Mestizo

Answer 18

Mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry

Question 19

Mulattoes

Answer 19

Mixed Spanish and African ancestry

Question 20

Middle passage

Answer 20

The voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies to be sold as slaves
*called middle passage because it was considered the middle leg of triangular trade

Question 21

Chattel slavery

Answer 21

Concept of believing that slaves were merely objects and not humans

Question 22

Salt-water slaves

Answer 22

African born slaves

Question 23

Creole slaves

Answer 23

American born descendants of salt-water slaves (African)