Unit 5 Test Review Flashcards
A fungal fruiting body
Mushroom
How are allergies different from asthma?
Allergies are an exaggerated response to an allergen, such as sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes.
Asthma is a severe allergic reaction
When bacteria come in a cluster arrangement, it is called _____
Staph
What are the parts of a virus?
DNA or RNA core, capsid (protein) covering
Subcutaneous layer of the skin, fat, insulation, shock absorption
Hypodermis
Single fungal cell
Hypha
Weakens the immune system by killing the Helper T cells
HIV/AIDS
What makes up the body’s specific defense?
Helper T Cells, Killer T Cells, Memory B Cells
How are Eubacteria different than Archaebacteria?
Eubacteria are more common, and they have peptidoglycan in their cell wells. Archaebacteria live in extreme environments and do NOT have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
Outer layer of skin, mostly dead cells, keratin (waterproof, hair, nails), melanin (suntan)
Epidermis
How do antibiotics work?
They’re medicine that KILL bacteria
The type of white blood cell that kills bacteria and viruses
Killer T Cells
What does GRAM staining tell us?
How much peptidoglycan is in a bacteria’s cell wall. Positive = purple, has peptidoglycan in its wall Negative = red, does NOT have peptidoglycan in its wall
A short cycle where the viral DNA does NOT mix with the host’s DNA, and the host cell lyses
Lytic cycle
The rootlike extension of a mushroom
Rhizoids
A living thing that causes and infectious disease
Pathogen
What is an autoimmune disease?
A disorder where the person’s own immune system attacks itself
(ex. MS, Lupus, Rheumatoid arthritis)
A virus that only infects bacteria
Bacteriophage
How is active immunity different from passive immunity?
In active immunity, YOU build up the immunity within yourself either from a shot or an illness.
In passive immunity, you get the immunity from another person (for a short time frame) - the immunity is borrowed
Tetanus, Strep Throat, Cavities, Cholera, and the Bubonic Plague are each caused by a
Bacteria
What comprises the body’s nonspecific defense?
The skin (most important), mucus, saliva, tears, and white blood cells (phagocytes)
What roles do bacteria have in the environment?
Photosynthesis, recycling nutrients, decomposers, nitrogen fixation
What is a lichen?
A mutualistic combination of fungi and algae OR fungi and cyanobacteria
Malaria and African Sleeping Sickness are caused by
Protists
An out of control growth/reproduction of a mutated cell
Cancer (benign and malignant tumors)
How is a fever useful in fighting pathogens?
It slows down the growth and reproduction of pathogens
The flu, colds, AIDS, Ebola, SARS, and chicken pox are each caused by
Viruses
The umbrella-like head of a mushroom
Cap
Tangled mass of hypha
Mycelium
What are the layers of the skin? (all three) List them in order from furthest out to most interior on the body.
Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis
How do antiviral drugs work?
They interfere with the ability of the virus to invade and multiply within a host cell
A eukaryote that is not a plant, animal, fungi, or bacteria (prokaryote)
Protist (eukaryote)
What are the three shapes of bacteria and their names?
Coccus - spheres (balls) Bacillus - rods Spirillum - spirals
What is the most important function of the skin?
To protect the body from pathogens
Pain, swelling, fever
Inflammation
Structure of a mushroom used for support
Stalk
Working layer of the skin, nerves, hair, sweat glands, oil glands, and blood vessels
Dermis
Remembers the diesease so you are much less likely to get the disease again
Memory B cells
Part of a mushroom used for spore dispersal
Gills
This type of white blood cells assesses the situation, calls out the Killer T cells, and assigns Memory B cells to remember the disease
Helper T Cells
When bacteria come in a chain arrangement, it is called ____
Strep
A longer cycle where the viral DNA DOES mix with the host’s DNA, followed by a period of dormancy before the host cell lyses
Lysogenic cycle
A large mass of algae
Algae bloom
How are infectious diseases spread?
Coughing, sneezing, physical contact, infected water, food, and animals
How do fungi get their food and what do they eat?
They absorb their food (living or dead)
Ringworm and Athlete’s Foot are caused by
Fungi
When bacteria come in a paired arrangement, it is called ____
Diplo
