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Biology 201 > Unit 5 Test Review > Flashcards

Unit 5 Test Review Flashcards

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1
Q

A fungal fruiting body

A

Mushroom

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1
Q

How are allergies different from asthma?

A

Allergies are an exaggerated response to an allergen, such as sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes.

Asthma is a severe allergic reaction

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2
Q

When bacteria come in a cluster arrangement, it is called _____

A

Staph

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2
Q

What are the parts of a virus?

A

DNA or RNA core, capsid (protein) covering

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2
Q

Subcutaneous layer of the skin, fat, insulation, shock absorption

A

Hypodermis

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3
Q

Single fungal cell

A

Hypha

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3
Q

Weakens the immune system by killing the Helper T cells

A

HIV/AIDS

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4
Q

What makes up the body’s specific defense?

A

Helper T Cells, Killer T Cells, Memory B Cells

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5
Q

How are Eubacteria different than Archaebacteria?

A

Eubacteria are more common, and they have peptidoglycan in their cell wells. Archaebacteria live in extreme environments and do NOT have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

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6
Q

Outer layer of skin, mostly dead cells, keratin (waterproof, hair, nails), melanin (suntan)

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

How do antibiotics work?

A

They’re medicine that KILL bacteria

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7
Q

The type of white blood cell that kills bacteria and viruses

A

Killer T Cells

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8
Q

What does GRAM staining tell us?

A

How much peptidoglycan is in a bacteria’s cell wall. Positive = purple, has peptidoglycan in its wall Negative = red, does NOT have peptidoglycan in its wall

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8
Q

A short cycle where the viral DNA does NOT mix with the host’s DNA, and the host cell lyses

A

Lytic cycle

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10
Q

The rootlike extension of a mushroom

A

Rhizoids

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11
Q

A living thing that causes and infectious disease

A

Pathogen

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12
Q

What is an autoimmune disease?

A

A disorder where the person’s own immune system attacks itself

(ex. MS, Lupus, Rheumatoid arthritis)

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14
Q

A virus that only infects bacteria

A

Bacteriophage

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15
Q

How is active immunity different from passive immunity?

A

In active immunity, YOU build up the immunity within yourself either from a shot or an illness.

In passive immunity, you get the immunity from another person (for a short time frame) - the immunity is borrowed

17
Q

Tetanus, Strep Throat, Cavities, Cholera, and the Bubonic Plague are each caused by a

A

Bacteria

18
Q

What comprises the body’s nonspecific defense?

A

The skin (most important), mucus, saliva, tears, and white blood cells (phagocytes)

19
Q

What roles do bacteria have in the environment?

A

Photosynthesis, recycling nutrients, decomposers, nitrogen fixation

20
Q

What is a lichen?

A

A mutualistic combination of fungi and algae OR fungi and cyanobacteria

21
Q

Malaria and African Sleeping Sickness are caused by

A

Protists

23
Q

An out of control growth/reproduction of a mutated cell

A

Cancer (benign and malignant tumors)

24
Q

How is a fever useful in fighting pathogens?

A

It slows down the growth and reproduction of pathogens

25
Q

The flu, colds, AIDS, Ebola, SARS, and chicken pox are each caused by

A

Viruses

26
Q

The umbrella-like head of a mushroom

A

Cap

27
Q

Tangled mass of hypha

A

Mycelium

28
Q

What are the layers of the skin? (all three) List them in order from furthest out to most interior on the body.

A

Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis

29
Q

How do antiviral drugs work?

A

They interfere with the ability of the virus to invade and multiply within a host cell

30
Q

A eukaryote that is not a plant, animal, fungi, or bacteria (prokaryote)

A

Protist (eukaryote)

32
Q

What are the three shapes of bacteria and their names?

A

Coccus - spheres (balls) Bacillus - rods Spirillum - spirals

32
Q

What is the most important function of the skin?

A

To protect the body from pathogens

32
Q

Pain, swelling, fever

A

Inflammation

33
Q

Structure of a mushroom used for support

A

Stalk

35
Q

Working layer of the skin, nerves, hair, sweat glands, oil glands, and blood vessels

A

Dermis

36
Q

Remembers the diesease so you are much less likely to get the disease again

A

Memory B cells

37
Q

Part of a mushroom used for spore dispersal

A

Gills

38
Q

This type of white blood cells assesses the situation, calls out the Killer T cells, and assigns Memory B cells to remember the disease

A

Helper T Cells

39
Q

When bacteria come in a chain arrangement, it is called ____

A

Strep

40
Q

A longer cycle where the viral DNA DOES mix with the host’s DNA, followed by a period of dormancy before the host cell lyses

A

Lysogenic cycle

42
Q

A large mass of algae

A

Algae bloom

43
Q

How are infectious diseases spread?

A

Coughing, sneezing, physical contact, infected water, food, and animals

44
Q

How do fungi get their food and what do they eat?

A

They absorb their food (living or dead)

46
Q

Ringworm and Athlete’s Foot are caused by

A

Fungi

47
Q

When bacteria come in a paired arrangement, it is called ____

A

Diplo

Biology 201 (12 decks)

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