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Biology 201 > Ecology and Plants > Flashcards

Ecology and Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

Put the following terms in order (from biggest to smallest):

Community, Biosphere, Species, Population, Ecosystem

A

Biosphere, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Species

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2
Q

Makes its own food through photosynthesis

A

Autotrophs

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3
Q

What is a heterotroph?

A

An organism that must consume other organisms for energy

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4
Q

Another word for autotroph is

A

Producer

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5
Q

Another word for heterotroph is

A

Consumer

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6
Q

Obtain nutrients by breaking down dead organisms

A

Decomposers

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7
Q

Omnivores eat

A

both plants and animals

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8
Q

Herbivores eat

A

only plants

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9
Q

Carnivores eat

A

only other animals

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10
Q

What’s the difference between a food web and a food chain?

A

A food chain only shows a single“who eats who” movement of energy through the environment

A food web shows the interactions of many “who eats who” movements of energy through the environment

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11
Q

True or False: nutrients and materials are recycled as they move through the environment, and energy only moves in one way

A

True

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12
Q

The release of nitrogen by bacteria from the soil back into the air

A

Denitrification

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13
Q

The putting of nitrogen (nitrates) into the soil from the air by bacteria

A

Nitrogen fixation

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14
Q

What is assimilation?

A

Plants take nitrates from the soil and use it in their tissues

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15
Q

What is decomposition?

A

The breaking down of organic matter releasing nitrates back into the soil

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16
Q

Release of water into the air by plants

A

Transpiration

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17
Q

The change of water from liquid to gas, moving it from ponds to the air

A

Evaporation

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18
Q

What is precipitation?

A

the movement of water from the air to the ground (rain)

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19
Q

What is condensation?

A

The formation of clouds from water in the air

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20
Q

The process by which plants take in carbon dioxide from the air and produce glucose

A

Photosynthesis

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21
Q

Volcanic eruptions are an example of what type of process in the carbon cycle

A

Geochemical

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22
Q

The giving off of carbon dioxide by living organisms

A

Respiration

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23
Q

Combustion is ______

A

the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)

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24
Q

What is the Greenhouse Effect?

A

The natural process that keeps the earth warm by distributing heat from the sun throughout the atmosphere

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25
Q

The increase in the Earth’s temperature from the build up of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere

A

Global Warming

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26
Q

A multicellular, eukaryote that does photosynthesis

A

A plant

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27
Q

What do plants use sunlight (the original source of energy) for?

A

Photosynthesis

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28
Q

What are the vascular tissues in plants? What do they carry, and in which direction?

A

Xylem - water up from the roots

Phloem - sugar down from the leaves

29
Q

A reproductive structure in angiosperms

A

A flower

30
Q

Label the parts of the flower

A
31
Q

What are the male parts of a flower?

What are the female parts of a flower?

A

The stamen, which is made up of the anther (makes pollen) and the filament.

The pistil, which is made up of the stigma, style, ovary, and ovule(seeds)

32
Q

A ripened ovary that carries seeds

A

Fruit

33
Q

Monocot or Dicot:

flowers have 3 petals

A

Monocot

34
Q

Monocot or Dicot:

has parallel veins in the leaves

A

Monocot

35
Q

Monocot or Dicot:

Has shallow roots

A

Monocot

36
Q

Monocot or Dicot:

Has long narrow leaves

A

Monocot

37
Q

Monocot or Dicot:

flowers have 4 or 5 petals

A

Dicot

38
Q

Monocot or Dicot:

has branching veins in the leaves

A

Dicot

39
Q

Monocot or Dicot:

have long deep taproots

A

Dicot

40
Q

Monocot or Dicot:

Have broad flat leaves

A

Dicot

41
Q

Grows more than 2 years

A

Perennial

42
Q

Plants that you have to replant every year are called

A

annuals

43
Q

How often do biennials have to be replanted?

A

Every 2 years

44
Q

Holds up the leaves, transports water and glucose

A

Stems

45
Q

What is the function of the leaves?

A

Photosynthesis

46
Q

The opening under the leaf that allows for gas exchange for photosynthesis

A

Stomata

47
Q

The function of the ____ is to anchor the plant, and to absorb water and nutrients

A

Root

48
Q

What are the two types of growth for stems? How are they different?

A

Primary growth - increases the height of the stem at the shoots or branches

Secondary growth - increases the girth of the plant, adds rings to the trunk

49
Q

Angiosperm or Gymnosperm:

Flowering plant

A

Angiosperm

50
Q

Angiosperm or Gymnosperm:

Has fruit

A

Angiosperm

51
Q

Angiosperm or Gymnosperm:

Flat leaves

A

Angiosperm

52
Q

Angiosperm or Gymnosperm:

goes through periods of dormancy

A

Angiosperm

53
Q

Angiosperm or Gymnosperm:

Pine trees or junipers

A

Gymnosperm

54
Q

Angiosperm or Gymnosperm:

Has needles or scales

A

Gymnosperm

55
Q

Angiosperm or Gymnosperm:

Has cones for reproductive parts

A

Gymnosperm

56
Q

Angiosperm or Gymnosperm:

does not go through periods of dormancy

A

Gymnosperm

57
Q

The roots growing down into the soil is caused by

A

Gravitropism

58
Q

What is phototropism?

A

A plants leaves turning towards the sun

59
Q

A period of decreased activity in a plant

A

Dormancy

60
Q

The rings of a tree tell us what?

A

The age and growing conditions

61
Q

How much energy moves through to the next trophic level?

What happens to the rest?

A

10%

The rest is lost as heat

62
Q

______ is the day to day conditions, while _____ is the average conditions year after year

A

Weather

Climate

63
Q

Biotic

A

Living factors in the environment

64
Q

Abiotic

A

Nonliving factors in the environment

65
Q

A barnacle is living on a whale. The barnacle is benifiting but the whale doesn’t care. This is an example of

A

Commensalism (good/I don’t care)

66
Q

A flower is aided in reproduction by a bee. The bee gets nectar from the flower. This is an example of

A

Mutualism (good/good)

67
Q

A tick living on a dog is an example of

A

Parasitism (good/bad)

68
Q

What is a limiting factor?

A

Something that causes a population size to level off or decline (ex. water in the desert)

69
Q

A horizontal stem from the mother plant to a new baby plant (ex. strawberry plants)

A

Stolon

Biology 201 (12 decks)

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