Ecology and Plants Flashcards
Put the following terms in order (from biggest to smallest):
Community, Biosphere, Species, Population, Ecosystem
Biosphere, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Species
Makes its own food through photosynthesis
Autotrophs
What is a heterotroph?
An organism that must consume other organisms for energy
Another word for autotroph is
Producer
Another word for heterotroph is
Consumer
Obtain nutrients by breaking down dead organisms
Decomposers
Omnivores eat
both plants and animals
Herbivores eat
only plants
Carnivores eat
only other animals
What’s the difference between a food web and a food chain?
A food chain only shows a single“who eats who” movement of energy through the environment
A food web shows the interactions of many “who eats who” movements of energy through the environment
True or False: nutrients and materials are recycled as they move through the environment, and energy only moves in one way
True
The release of nitrogen by bacteria from the soil back into the air
Denitrification
The putting of nitrogen (nitrates) into the soil from the air by bacteria
Nitrogen fixation
What is assimilation?
Plants take nitrates from the soil and use it in their tissues
What is decomposition?
The breaking down of organic matter releasing nitrates back into the soil
Release of water into the air by plants
Transpiration
The change of water from liquid to gas, moving it from ponds to the air
Evaporation
What is precipitation?
the movement of water from the air to the ground (rain)
What is condensation?
The formation of clouds from water in the air
The process by which plants take in carbon dioxide from the air and produce glucose
Photosynthesis
Volcanic eruptions are an example of what type of process in the carbon cycle
Geochemical
The giving off of carbon dioxide by living organisms
Respiration
Combustion is ______
the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)
What is the Greenhouse Effect?
The natural process that keeps the earth warm by distributing heat from the sun throughout the atmosphere
The increase in the Earth’s temperature from the build up of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere
Global Warming
A multicellular, eukaryote that does photosynthesis
A plant
What do plants use sunlight (the original source of energy) for?
Photosynthesis
What are the vascular tissues in plants? What do they carry, and in which direction?
Xylem - water up from the roots
Phloem - sugar down from the leaves
A reproductive structure in angiosperms
A flower
Label the parts of the flower
What are the male parts of a flower?
What are the female parts of a flower?
The stamen, which is made up of the anther (makes pollen) and the filament.
The pistil, which is made up of the stigma, style, ovary, and ovule(seeds)
A ripened ovary that carries seeds
Fruit
Monocot or Dicot:
flowers have 3 petals
Monocot
Monocot or Dicot:
has parallel veins in the leaves
Monocot
Monocot or Dicot:
Has shallow roots
Monocot
Monocot or Dicot:
Has long narrow leaves
Monocot
Monocot or Dicot:
flowers have 4 or 5 petals
Dicot
Monocot or Dicot:
has branching veins in the leaves
Dicot
Monocot or Dicot:
have long deep taproots
Dicot
Monocot or Dicot:
Have broad flat leaves
Dicot
Grows more than 2 years
Perennial
Plants that you have to replant every year are called
annuals
How often do biennials have to be replanted?
Every 2 years
Holds up the leaves, transports water and glucose
Stems
What is the function of the leaves?
Photosynthesis
The opening under the leaf that allows for gas exchange for photosynthesis
Stomata
The function of the ____ is to anchor the plant, and to absorb water and nutrients
Root
What are the two types of growth for stems? How are they different?
Primary growth - increases the height of the stem at the shoots or branches
Secondary growth - increases the girth of the plant, adds rings to the trunk
Angiosperm or Gymnosperm:
Flowering plant
Angiosperm
Angiosperm or Gymnosperm:
Has fruit
Angiosperm
Angiosperm or Gymnosperm:
Flat leaves
Angiosperm
Angiosperm or Gymnosperm:
goes through periods of dormancy
Angiosperm
Angiosperm or Gymnosperm:
Pine trees or junipers
Gymnosperm
Angiosperm or Gymnosperm:
Has needles or scales
Gymnosperm
Angiosperm or Gymnosperm:
Has cones for reproductive parts
Gymnosperm
Angiosperm or Gymnosperm:
does not go through periods of dormancy
Gymnosperm
The roots growing down into the soil is caused by
Gravitropism
What is phototropism?
A plants leaves turning towards the sun
A period of decreased activity in a plant
Dormancy
The rings of a tree tell us what?
The age and growing conditions
How much energy moves through to the next trophic level?
What happens to the rest?
10%
The rest is lost as heat
______ is the day to day conditions, while _____ is the average conditions year after year
Weather
Climate
Biotic
Living factors in the environment
Abiotic
Nonliving factors in the environment
A barnacle is living on a whale. The barnacle is benifiting but the whale doesn’t care. This is an example of
Commensalism (good/I don’t care)
A flower is aided in reproduction by a bee. The bee gets nectar from the flower. This is an example of
Mutualism (good/good)
A tick living on a dog is an example of
Parasitism (good/bad)
What is a limiting factor?
Something that causes a population size to level off or decline (ex. water in the desert)
A horizontal stem from the mother plant to a new baby plant (ex. strawberry plants)
Stolon
