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Biology 201 > Human Body Systems Review > Flashcards

Human Body Systems Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four basic types of tissues in the human body?

A

Muscle, Nervous, Epithelial, Connective

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2
Q

Maintaining relatively constant (stable) internal conditions

A

Homeostasis

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3
Q

What is a neuron?

A

The main cell of the nervous system

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4
Q

How are neurons classified?

A

By the direction of the impulse

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5
Q

What does a neurotransmitter do?

A

Transmits the impulse across the synapse

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6
Q

Label the neuron. What do the different parts do?

A

Cell body - largest part, contains nucleus

Dendrites - receives impulse from stimulus

Axon - carries the impulse away from the cell body

Myelin sheath - covers the axon, keeps the impulse in the axon

Node of ranvier - places where other neurons can hook on

Axon terminals (buds) - attaches to other neurons, muscles, or organs

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7
Q

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for processes, analyzing, and relaying information?

A

The central nervous system

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8
Q

What are the major parts of the brain and their function?

A

Cerebrum - thinking, voluntary action, personality

Cerebellum - balance and coordination

Brain stem - connects brain to spinal cord, involuntary actions

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9
Q

Type of drug that slows down the heart and breathing

Example of a one?

A

Depressants

Alcohol

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10
Q

What affect to stimulants have on the body? Give examples of stimulants

A

Increase breathing and heart rate

Ex. Caffiene, cigarettes, chocolate

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11
Q

The skull, ribs, and vertebral column belong to the ______ skeleton

A

Axial

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12
Q

What bones belong to the appendicular skeleton?

A

Arms, legs, pelvis, shoulders

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13
Q

How many bones are found in an adult skeleton?

A

206

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14
Q

How many bones are in an infant skeleton?

A

350

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15
Q

What is the function of the skeleton?

A

Protects organs, makes blood cells, stores minerals, helps in movement

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16
Q

Connects bones to bones at a joint

A

Ligaments

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17
Q

Connects muscles to bones

A

Tendons

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18
Q

Name the different types of joints and an example of where it may be found

A

Pivot joint - base of skull with spinal column

Ball and socket joint - shoulders and hips

Hinge joint - knees and elbows

Gliding joint - wrists and ankles

Saddle joint - thumb and fingers

Fixed joint - adult skull

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19
Q

What are the three types of muscles?

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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20
Q

What do skeletal muscles look like and where are they found?

A

Attached to the bone (for voluntary movement), they are dense and striped (striations)

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21
Q

What do cardiac muscles look like and where are they found?

A

In the heart only (involuntary movement), they are spaced out (branched) and semi-striped

22
Q

What do smooth muscles look like and where are they found?

A

Lining of the digestive system, they have NO stripes or branches (involuntary movement)

23
Q

What are the three parts of the circulatory system?

A

Blood, heart, blood vessels (capillaries, arteries, veins)

24
Q

Which blood vessels carry blood towards the heart, are thin walled, and have valves to direct flow

A

Veins

25
Q

Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart, are thick walled, and carry a pulse

A

Arteries

26
Q

The smallest type of blood vessel that connects veins with arteries and allows for gas exchange

A

Capillaries

27
Q

Blood cell without a nucleus

Carries oxygen/carbon dioxide

Most numerous in the blood stream

A

Red Blood Cells (RBC’s)

28
Q

Blood cells that are part of the immune system

Fight off pathogens

Very few found in the blood

A

White Blood Cells (WBC’s)

29
Q

Cell fragments that aid in clotting and scab formation

A

Platelets

30
Q

How much blood is present in the adult human body?

A

4 to 6 liters

31
Q

The respiratory system is responsible for

A

The process of exchanging carbon dioxide with oxygen (gas exchange)

32
Q

Describe the path of air, starting with the nose

A

Nose - Pharynx - Larynx (epiglottis) - Trachea - Bronchi (lungs) - Bronchioles - Alveoli (gas exchange)

33
Q

Describe the pathway of food, starting at the mouth

A

Mouth - Pharynx - Esophagus (peristalsis) - Stomach - Small Intestine (absorption of food) - Large Intestine (absorption of water) - Rectum

( ) = what occurs in that organ

34
Q

____ is found in the mouth and breaks down starches (carbohydrates)

A

Amylase

35
Q

____ is found in the stomach and breaks down proteins

A

Pepsin

36
Q

What enzymatic (enzyme containing) fluid is made in the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and used in the small intestine to break down fat?

A

Bile

37
Q

How does the pancreas play a role in digestion?

A

It produces pancreatic juice, which is put into the small intestine to neutralize the acids from the stomach

38
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

It uses villi (fingerlike projections) to absorb usable material from what is eaten and place it in the blood stream

39
Q

Which organ absorbs excess water from waste and makes vitamin K?

A

Large Intestine

40
Q

What is the function of the kidneys?

A

They filter blood and reabsorb needed materials before removing waste

41
Q

Which system is made up of glands that release hormones into the blood stream?

A

Endocrine System

42
Q

Label the picture with the major glands and organs of the endocrine system:

Pineal gland, Parathyroid gland,

Pituitary gland, Hypothalmus,

Kidney, Adrenal gland,

Pancreas, Ovaries,

Testis, Thymus,

Thyroid Gland

A
43
Q

What is a feedback loop?

A

The mechanism through which body systems check up on each other for efficiency (ex. thermostat on an air conditioner)

44
Q

What does testosterone do?

A

Produces a deep voice, hair, large muscles, and sperm production

45
Q

What is produced in the seminiferous tubules in the testis?

A

Sperm

46
Q

Lasts 3-5 days

Shedding of the uterus lining

A

Menstruation

47
Q

Lasts 28 days

The time between menstruations

A

Menstrual Cycle

48
Q

What is ovulation?

A

When the egg is released from the ovary to the fallopian tube

49
Q

A ____ is what’s formed when an egg and a sperm unite

A

Zygote

50
Q

The connection between the uterus and the umbilical cord that provides nutrients to the fetus from the mother

A

Placenta

51
Q

Where must fertilization occur?

A

In the fallopian tube

Biology 201 (12 decks)

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