Digestive System Flashcards
What food is called when it leaves the stomach
Chyme
What is the function of the large intestine?
Removes water from the remaining waste Colonies of bacteria produce vitamin K
Glycerol backbone are the building blocks of
Fats (can be saturated or unsaturated)
How do enzymes work?
They lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction (the energy needed for the reaction to take place)
Food, water, air, tears, and boogers pass through the what passageway
Pharynx
Holds waste
Rectum
What is released from the enzyme-substrate complex after the reaction is complete?
The product(s) of the reaction
The building blocks of proteins are
Amino acids
What is it called when an enzyme and substrate are bonded together?
An enzyme-substrate complex
How much water should you consume a day?
At least 1 liter of water each day
Used for growth and repair of the body
Proteins Ex. meats, brown beans
Are enzymes used up during chemical reactions?
No
Stores energy, used to produce cell membranes and hormones, protects and insulates the body
Fats
Inorganic substances the body needs Lost through sweat and urine
Minerals (calcium, iron, magnesium)
Organic substances that regulate body processes Are fat-soluble and water-soluble Can be toxic in excessive quantities
Vitamins
Found at the junction of the small and large intestine
Appendix
How does the stomach perform chemical digestion?
Pepsin in the stomach breaks down protein Hydrochloric acid has a pH of 2 and helps Pepsin work
Males need approximately ____ calories a day and females need ____ calories a day
Males - 2800 Females - 2200
Caecum and colon
Large Intestine
Where does a substrate bond to an enzyme?
At the active site
What are examples of simple carbs? Complex carbs?
Simple: fruits, honey, sugar Complex: grains, potatoes, vegetables
The first couple feet of the small intestine
Duodenum
What is the function of pancreatic juice?
It neutralizes the hydrochloric acid from the stomach
Small fingerlike projections in the small intestine that increase surface area
Villi
How does the stomach participate in mechanical digestion?
Through the contraction of the muscles
The main organs of the digestive system are the
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum, and anus
Muscle contractions to move food down
Peristalsis
The building blocks of carbohydrates are
Monosaccharides
____ is from the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and digests fat
Bile
What food is called after swallowing
Bolus
What is the function of the small intestine?
Absorbs protein, carbohydrates, and fats into the blood stream
Describe the pathway of food
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (caecum then colon), rectum, anus
The muscles at the bottom of the rectum
Anus
The function of the teeth and saliva
Teeth - mechanical digestion of food Saliva - chemical digestion of food; amylase breaks down starches into sugars
The food tube
Esophagus
True or False: the stomach is a large muscular sack
True
The accessory organs of the digestive system are the
Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder
The main source of energy
Carbohydrates
What is the function of the digestive system?
Helps convert foods into simpler molecules that can be absorbed and used by cells
