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Biology 201 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What food is called when it leaves the stomach

A

Chyme

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1
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

Removes water from the remaining waste Colonies of bacteria produce vitamin K

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1
Q

Glycerol backbone are the building blocks of

A

Fats (can be saturated or unsaturated)

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1
Q

How do enzymes work?

A

They lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction (the energy needed for the reaction to take place)

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3
Q

Food, water, air, tears, and boogers pass through the what passageway

A

Pharynx

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3
Q

Holds waste

A

Rectum

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3
Q

What is released from the enzyme-substrate complex after the reaction is complete?

A

The product(s) of the reaction

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4
Q

The building blocks of proteins are

A

Amino acids

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4
Q

What is it called when an enzyme and substrate are bonded together?

A

An enzyme-substrate complex

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5
Q

How much water should you consume a day?

A

At least 1 liter of water each day

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5
Q

Used for growth and repair of the body

A

Proteins Ex. meats, brown beans

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6
Q

Are enzymes used up during chemical reactions?

A

No

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7
Q

Stores energy, used to produce cell membranes and hormones, protects and insulates the body

A

Fats

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7
Q

Inorganic substances the body needs Lost through sweat and urine

A

Minerals (calcium, iron, magnesium)

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8
Q

Organic substances that regulate body processes Are fat-soluble and water-soluble Can be toxic in excessive quantities

A

Vitamins

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9
Q

Found at the junction of the small and large intestine

A

Appendix

10
Q

How does the stomach perform chemical digestion?

A

Pepsin in the stomach breaks down protein Hydrochloric acid has a pH of 2 and helps Pepsin work

12
Q

Males need approximately ____ calories a day and females need ____ calories a day

A

Males - 2800 Females - 2200

14
Q

Caecum and colon

A

Large Intestine

15
Q

Where does a substrate bond to an enzyme?

A

At the active site

16
Q

What are examples of simple carbs? Complex carbs?

A

Simple: fruits, honey, sugar Complex: grains, potatoes, vegetables

17
Q

The first couple feet of the small intestine

A

Duodenum

18
Q

What is the function of pancreatic juice?

A

It neutralizes the hydrochloric acid from the stomach

19
Q

Small fingerlike projections in the small intestine that increase surface area

A

Villi

21
Q

How does the stomach participate in mechanical digestion?

A

Through the contraction of the muscles

22
Q

The main organs of the digestive system are the

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum, and anus

24
Q

Muscle contractions to move food down

A

Peristalsis

26
Q

The building blocks of carbohydrates are

A

Monosaccharides

27
Q

____ is from the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and digests fat

A

Bile

28
Q

What food is called after swallowing

A

Bolus

30
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

Absorbs protein, carbohydrates, and fats into the blood stream

31
Q

Describe the pathway of food

A

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (caecum then colon), rectum, anus

32
Q

The muscles at the bottom of the rectum

A

Anus

33
Q

The function of the teeth and saliva

A

Teeth - mechanical digestion of food Saliva - chemical digestion of food; amylase breaks down starches into sugars

34
Q

The food tube

A

Esophagus

35
Q

True or False: the stomach is a large muscular sack

A

True

36
Q

The accessory organs of the digestive system are the

A

Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder

38
Q

The main source of energy

A

Carbohydrates

39
Q

What is the function of the digestive system?

A

Helps convert foods into simpler molecules that can be absorbed and used by cells

Biology 201 (12 decks)

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