Nervous System Flashcards
Label the neuron using the following terms:
Cell body
Dendrite
Axon
Myelin sheath
Node of ranvier
Axon terminals
Also labeled here:
Schwann Cell - produces the myelin sheath
The division of the PNS responsible for voluntary control (ex. walking)
Somatic Nervous System
The two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
Increases things (breathing, heart rate) in stressful times
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Decreases things (breathing, heart rate) back to normal when stress is over
An infection in what structure might cause dizziness?
Semicircular canals
Label the four lobes:
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Frontal
Drugs that increase heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate are called
Stimulants
How does a nerve impulse travel?
- It moves along the axon of a neuron - ELECTRICAL transmission using Na (sodium) and K (potassium); it’s FAST
- Moves across the synapse - CHEMICAL transmission using Ca (calcium); SLOW
The largest part of the brain
Cerebrum
The three main parts of the brain
Cerebrum, Cerebellum, and Brain Stem
Alcohol has simular effects to what type of drug (stimulant or depressant)
Depressant
What is the purpose of the folds in the cerebrum?
They increase the surface area of the brain
The second largest part of the brain, responsible for coordination and balance
Cerebellum
Which of the five senses contains two types of photoreceptors called rods and cones?
Vision
(hint: photoreceptors)
The three types of neurons and their functions are
Sensory Neuron - brings impulses IN to the brain and spinal cord
Interneuron - found in brain and spinal cord, where decisions are made
Motor Neuron - carries impulses OUT to muscles and organs
Parts of a neuron are
Cell body - largest part (contains nucleus)
Dendrites - receives impulses from the stimulus
Axon - carries the impulse away from the cell body
Myelin sheath - covers the axon, keeps in the impulse in the axon
Node of ranvier - places where other neurons can hook on
Axon terminals (buds) - attaches to other neurons, muscle, or organs
What are the three parts of the brain stem?
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Midbrain
The GAP between the axon terminal and another cell
Synapse
The division of the PNS responsible for involutary control (ex. heart beat, breathing)
Autonomic Nervous System
The function of the Nervous system is to
Relay messages Process and analyze information
What is the cerebrum responsible for?
Voluntary actions, intelligence, and personality
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
CNS - Central Nervous System
- includes the brain and the spinal cord
PNS - Peripheral Nervous System
- connects the nervous system to the body and sensory organs
includes the Somatic Nervous System and the Autonomic Nervous System
The main type of cell in the nervous system is a
Neuron
Neurons are classified by
The direction in which they carry impulses
What are the different lobes in the cerebrum and their function?
Frontal Lobe - personality
Temporal Lobe - hearing
Parietal Lobe - touch/movement
Occipital Lobe - sight
Drugs that decrease heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure
Depressants
Connects the brain to the spinal cord
Controls blood pressure, heart, breathing, and swallowing
Brain stem
Chemicals used to send the impulse across the synapse
Neurotransmitter
Ex. calcium
