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AS History > Unit 5 - 1920s League of Nations and International Relations > Flashcards

Unit 5 - 1920s League of Nations and International Relations Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the political conditions in Europe post-WW1?

A

No stable government east of the Rhine.
Germany in shambles.
Revolutions in Russia.
Dissolution of the Austria-Hungary empire.

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2
Q

What event has also happened in 1920 that caused millions of deaths?

A

The Influenza pandemic.

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3
Q

Who are the ‘Big 3’ at the Paris Peace Conference?

A

USA
Britain
France

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4
Q

Delegates from how many states attended the Paris Peace Conference?

A

27

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5
Q

Who were excluded from the Paris Peace Conference?

A

Germany
Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria
Russia

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6
Q

What British aims were already met before the Paris Peace Conference?

A

The surrender of the German fleet, the defeat of the German trade rivalry, and the surrendering of German territories.

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7
Q

What further aims did Britain hope to accomplish at the Paris Peace Conference?

A

Germany as barrier against Bolshevik/Communist Russia.
Reparations.
Punishment.
Kaiser tried for war crimes.

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8
Q

What did the USA hope to achieve at the Paris Peace Conference?

A

14 points.
Long lasting, fair peace.

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9
Q

What did France want out of the Paris Peace Conference?

A

Revenge.
Security against Germany.
Disarmament.
Reparations.
Loss of territory.
Anglo-American guarantee.
(all against Germany).

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10
Q

Who was the Prime Minister of Italy at the time of the Paris Peace Conference?

A

Orlando.

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11
Q

What did Italy want out of the Paris Peace Conference?

A

Convince Italians that Italy benefitted from the war.
Territories promised in the 1915 agreement.

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12
Q

What were Japan’s aims in the Paris Peace Conference?

A

Racial equity clause.
Acknowledgement of territories gained in East Asia during the war.

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13
Q

How were the treaties at the Paris Peace Conference made?

A

Compromise.

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14
Q

What were the four main terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

War guilt.
Reparations.
Disarmament.
Territorial settlements.

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15
Q

What did the War Guilt clause in the treaties entail?

A

Germany and allies had to take full responsibility for starting the war.
Needed for all the other terms to be applicable.

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16
Q

What were some of the concerns with making Germany pay large reparations?

A

How can Germany repay without a significant export trade?
Will Germany’s reparations limit the global economy too much?

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17
Q

Who was the French Finance Minister?

A

Louis Klotz.

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18
Q

Who was the French Minister of Reconstruction?

A

Louis Loucheur.

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19
Q

What did Klotz want for German reparations?

A

Lots.
He wanted Germany to pay.

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20
Q

What was Loucheur’s view on German reparations?

A

Gentler. He encouraged Germany to sell bonds in order to pay for their reparations, but Germany thought that this was France’s attempt to separate Germany and the USA.

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21
Q

What were Britain’s initial reparation demands towards Germany?

A

They wanted high reparations.

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22
Q

Why would Britain want high reparations from Germany?

A

Would prevent Germany from spending money on an army and would help Britain with their pension costs.

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23
Q

Why does David Lloyd George change his mind on high reparations from Germany?

A

Severely limits German economy and also the global economy.

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24
Q

What is decided about for reparations?

A

A Reparations Committee will be set up in 1921, but until then, Germany has to make an interim payment of 20 billion gold marks and raise 60 billion through bonds.

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25
Q

What percentages of the German reparations will each country get?

A

Britain - 25%
France - 55%
Belgium - Full compensation

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26
Q

What do Britain and the USA want for disarmament?

A

Conscription gone and a small standing army left.

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27
Q

Who is against conscription being abolished in Germany?

A

French General Ferdinand Foch.

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28
Q

What does the Council of Ten decide about disarmament?

A

Overrule Foch and accept inter-allied commission.

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29
Q

What was the Inter-Allied Commission supposed to monitor?

A

Pace of German disarmament.
Abolition of general staff.
Creation of regular army (100,000 max).
Dissolution of air force.
Reduction of navy.

30
Q

What is France’s aim regarding territorial disputes?

A

Weaken Germany at all costs.

31
Q

What is Britain’s aim regarding territorial settlements?

A

Leave Germany strong enough to be a barrier against communism.

32
Q

What is the USA’s aim regarding territorial settlements?

A

Fair and even. Okay giving territories away if majority of population is of that country.

33
Q

What territory does Poland get through the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Upper Silesia
Most provinces of West Prussia
Posen

34
Q

How does Poland receive territory?

A

Plebiscite.

35
Q

What territory does Denmark receive in the Treaty of Versailles?

A

North Schleswig

36
Q

What is the verdict on Danzig?

A

Gets to be its own free city.

37
Q

What is the verdict on Marienwerder?

A

Has a plebiscite and chooses to remain with Germany.

38
Q

What happens to the Alsace-Lorraine after WW1?

A

Consensus that it should be returned to France.

39
Q

Who gets Eupen and Malmedy and how?

A

Belgium through a plebiscite.

40
Q

Does the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg remain a monarchy after the war?

A

Yes.

41
Q

What is the history and ethnicity of the Saarland?

A

Ethnically German.
Part of it was French before 1814.

42
Q

Why does France want the Saarland?

A

Lots of coal mines and Germany had destroyed French coal mines during the war.

43
Q

What does Clemenceau want with the Saarland?

A

Make the north industrial region an independent state.
French control of the coal mines.

44
Q

What does Wilson want with the Saarland?

A

Self-determination
Fairness
Is okay with temporary French access to the mines.

45
Q

How long will the Saarland mines be French for?

A

15 years.

46
Q

Who negotiates the Saarland controversy between France and the USA?

A

David Lloyd George.

47
Q

Who is the Government of the Saar entrusted to?

A

LoN.

48
Q

After the 15 years of French control, what happens to the Saarland mines?

A

A plebiscite is held in 1935 and the people vote to become part of Germany again.

49
Q

Which countries have disputes over the Rhineland?

A

France and Britain.

50
Q

What is Clemenceau’s goal with the Rhineland?

A

Weaken Germany
Gain influence

51
Q

What is Lloyd George’s concerns with Clemenceau’s goals with the Rhineland?

A

Sows seeds for future war.

52
Q

How is the Rhineland controversy decided?

A

Divided into 3 zones.

53
Q

Which nation(s) are already interested in African colonization?

A

Britain
and
France.

54
Q

Which nations get most of the German territory in Africa?

A

Britain.
France.
and
South Africa.

55
Q

Which nations are most interested in the Pacific?

A

Australia, New Zealand, and Japan.

56
Q

Which nations get most of the territory in the Pacific?

A

Australia, New Zealand, and Japan.

57
Q

When did Japan seize German lease-hold Shandong?

A

1914

58
Q

When did China recognize Japanese rights in Shandong?

A

1915

59
Q

When did China declare war against Germany?

A

1917

60
Q

What does China argue about German territories in China?

A

They should all belong to China.

61
Q

Why does the USA support China in the Shandong conflict?

A

Want to block Japan’s growing influence in the Pacific.

62
Q

Why do France and Britain support Japan in the Shandong conflict?

A

Want to protect their own concessions in China.

63
Q

What does Japan verbally promise China regarding Shandong?

A

China would regain control in 1922.

64
Q

What happens to the US Senate after the Shandong conflict?

A

They largely turn away from the Treaty of Versailles.

65
Q

How does China feel about the Japanese compromise concerning Shandong?

A

Very mad.
May 4th movement.
Refuses to sign Treaty of Versailles.

66
Q

When is Germany presented with a draft of the ToV?

A

May 7, 1919

67
Q

How does Germany feel about the draft of the ToV?

A

Extremely disappointed.

68
Q

Why is Germany disappointed with the draft of the ToV?

A

It does not conform to Wilson’s 14 points.

69
Q

What three changes does Germany demand are added to the ToV?

A
  1. Immediate membership to the LoN
  2. Austria and ethnic Germans in Sudentenland could choose if they wanted to join Germany
  3. Create neutral commission to examine War Guilt
70
Q
A

AS History (6 decks)

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