Chiang Kai-Shek and Communists (1927-1936) Flashcards
When were the CCP-led insurrections in the KMT?
Early 1927
Who led the CCP-led insurrections?
Chou En-lai (Zhou Enlai)
When are the CCP headquarters ordered to be closed in Shanghai?
April 6, 1927
When did the Purge of Communists start in Shanghai?
April 11, 1927
When is martial law declared in Shanghai?
April 9, 1927
Who did Chiang enlist to help with the Purge of Communists in Shanghai?
The Green Gang
Who was the ‘Green Gang’?
Gangsters
Opium smugglers
Criminals
What was the White Terror?
Chiang’s purge of communists in 1927
Why does the KMT lose Russian support?
Because they got rid of the communists.
Where does the CCP hide after the Purification Movement?
The mountains of Kiangsi Province.
When was the Long March?
1934-1935
Who was Mao Zedong?
Leader of the CCP
What did Mao Zedong have a reputation of being an effective organizer of?
Trade unions
Peasant associations
When was the Red Army created?
1931
When was the Soviet Republic of China established?
1931
Why did the CCP increase in popularity among the peasants?
They promised economic and political reform.
How many extermination campaigns against the CCP did Chiang carry out from 1930-1934?
5
Why did Mao arrest 4000 Red Army soldiers in 1930?
He claimed they were KMT sympathizers.
When was the Futian Incident?
Dec. 1930
What was the Futian Incident?
Futian Red Army battalion mutinied, but were crushed by Mao and 500-700 communist soldiers were taken and killed.
When does Chiang launch a siege of the CCP?
Fall of 1933
How does Chiang execute the siege against the CCP in the fall of 1933?
Surround and starve Kiangsi Province, and build defenses along the way.
What was the divide in the CCP leadership over how to respond to the siege?
CCP (encouraged by Russian advisers) wanted to attack the KMT.
Mao believed it would fail and so he was removed from CCP leadership.
What did Mao propose to get out of the KMT siege?
A surprise attack from behind.
What did the CCP eventually do after the KMT put them under siege?
They decided to retreat from Kiangsi Province to Yenan Province. This became the Long March.
How many communists started out on the Long March?
90 000
Why did the Long March not start out well for the CCP?
- They walked in a straight line
- They carried everything they could
- It took them over a month to break through KMT defenses
What happened to the CCP at Xiang?
They were attacked by the KMT and lost 45 000 men.
When was Mao given control of the Red Army?
Jan. 1935
What 3 tactical changes did Mao make to the Red Army that improved their Long March?
- Unnecessary items discarded
- Progressed in more unpredictable ways
- Split into smaller units
How many CCP survivors reached Yenan?
10-20 thousand
When was the Xi’an Incident?
1936
When was the Mukden Incident?
Sept. 1931
What was Manchukuo?
The puppet state that Japan turned Manchuria into.
Who did Japan place as emperor of Manchukuo?
Pu Yi
Why did Chiang pursue a policy of non-resistance against Japan?
- KMT didn’t have full control over China
- China didn’t have the military might
What was Chiang’s main focus of the 1930s?
To destroy the CCP.
