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AS History > Unit 3 - Japan's Rise to Power > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Japan's Rise to Power Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three reasons that Japan had to change its policies and stance on world relations?

A
  • Western expansion
  • The unequal treaties
  • Meiji restoration
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2
Q

What happened to Japan in 1853?

A

Commodore Perry arrived from the USA and demanded that Japan opened two ports to the US Navy.

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3
Q

How does Western expansion affect Japan’s isolationist strategy?

A

Isolationism only works if everybody does it and with the Western powers expanding into China, Japan didn’t want to be taken over next.

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4
Q

What were the Unequal Treaties?

A

Treaties between the Western powers and China that allowed foreigners:
- Free access to ports
- Extra-territoriality
- Consular courts
- Very low tariffs

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5
Q

When was the Meiji restoration?

A

1868

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6
Q

What was the Meiji restoration?

A

It was a new system of government that brought back the glories of the old emperors, while still bringing in new Western-style governments.

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7
Q

What sort of administration did the Meiji restoration create?

A

Central administration that controlled local authorities and created an effective tax system.

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8
Q

When was the new constitution drawn up?

A

1890

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9
Q

How did the Meiji restoration affect the Japanese army?

A

There was a new 3-year conscription that at first was unpopular, but gained favor as the Japanese people became more nationalistic.

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10
Q

What was the Japanese army’s wartime strength in 1883?

A

Roughly 200,000.

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11
Q

How strong was the Japanese Navy by 1894?

A

28 warships and 24 torpedo boats.

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12
Q

How did the Japanese industry change because of the Meiji restoration?

A

It was modernized through steam-powered factories

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13
Q

How did Japan view Korea?

A

As a Japanese satellite state.

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14
Q

How did China view Korea?

A

As a Chinese province.

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15
Q

When does Japan forces Korea to open ports to Japanese traders?

A

1876

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16
Q

What treaty does Japan negotiate with Korea in 1876?

A

One that recognizes it as a state independent from China.

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17
Q

In what year do Korean modernizers attempt to take control of the government?

A

1884

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18
Q

What is the convention of 1883 Tientsin?

A

When China and Japan agree not to change the status of Korea.

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19
Q

What happens in 1894?

A

Japan builds economic + military strength.
Tong-Haks attempt to overthrow the Korean government.

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20
Q

What happens with the Tong-Haks?

A

China sends troops to help.
Japan sends troops (claims China is breaking Tientsin treaty).
Japanese want Prime Minister Hirobumi to challenge China.
Japan won’t withdraw, so China declares war.

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21
Q

When is the first Sino-Japanese war?

A

1894-1895.

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22
Q

Who wins the first Sino-Japanese war?

A

Japan.

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23
Q

What were China’s advantages in the first Sino-Japanese war?

A

Larger army.

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24
Q

What were Japan’s advantages in the first Sino-Japanese war?

A

More modern weapons, better motivation, better organization.

25
Q

How does Japan beat China in the first Sino-Japanese war?

A

Defeats China at Pyongyang.
Destroys Chinese naval fleet at mouth of Yalu river.
Japan seizes Pescadores islands and Taiwan.

26
Q

What treaty does China sign at the end of the first Sino-Japanese war?

A

The Treaty of Shimonoseki.

27
Q

When is the Treaty of Shimonoseki signed?

A

April 1895.

28
Q

What are the details of the Treaty of Shimonoseki

A
  • Korean independence from China
  • Japan acquires the Pescadores islands, Taiwan, and the Liadong Peninsula
29
Q

How do the Western powers respond to the Treaty of Shimonoseki?

A

France, Russia, and Germany force Japan to return the Liadong Peninsula to China.

30
Q

How does Japan feel after the Western powers force it to return the Liadong Peninsula to China?

A

Humiliated and as if they are not yet powerful enough to compete on the world stage.

31
Q

How does the Japanese homeland respond after the Sino-Japanese war and the reaction from the Western powers?

A

Honor/Shame culture.
Doubles size of army.
Increases navy.

32
Q

What happens in Korea while Japan is building up?

A

Russia surpasses China’s influence.
Another Tong-Hak uprising - the queen is murdered - king flees to Russian embassy.
Nishi-Rosen agreement (Japan and Russia) is signed.

33
Q

What happens in China while Japan is building up?

A

Western powers expanding spheres of influence.
Japan left out.
Russia strengthens in Manchuria and takes Port Arthur.

34
Q

How does Japan respond to the Boxer revolt?

A

They send the most troops.

35
Q

What are the two western power sides that Japan could join?

A

Russia, France, and Germany
OR
Britain

36
Q

Which Western power does Japan choose to sign an agreement with?

A

Britain

37
Q

When is the Anglo-Japanese Treaty?

A

1902.

38
Q

Why doesn’t Japan want to ally with Russia, France, and Germany?

A

Russia biggest threat to Japan.
Would have to accept Russia’s position in Manchuria, Korea, and China.

39
Q

Why doesn’t Japan want to ally with Britain?

A

Have to agree to ‘open door’ policy in China.
Hard for Japan to have own sphere of influence in China.

40
Q

What are the details of the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of 1902?

A
  • Japan recognizes British interests in China, while Britain recognizes Japanese interests in Korea.
  • In war (in the east), they only have to come to each other’s defense if another country joins the opposing side as a second.
41
Q

What is the benefit of the Anglo-Japanese Treaty for Japan?

A

If they war with Russia, France and Germany might not join cause they don’t want to fight Britain.

42
Q

Why is Japan in favor of a Russo-Japanese war?

A
  • Can fight Russia by themselves without France or Germany.
  • Loans from USA and Britain.
43
Q

When does Japan declare war on Russia?

A

February 8, 1904.

44
Q

What is Japan’s first offensive in the Russo-Japanese war?

A

Attacks Russian ships at Port Arthur 3 hours before official declaration of war is received by Russia.

45
Q

Why do Russian Navy reinforcements take a long time to reach Asia?

A

They have to travel all the way around the cape of Africa since Britain doesn’t give them access to the Suez canal.

46
Q

When does the Russo-Japanese war end?

A

August 1905.

47
Q

Who wins the Russo-Japanese war?

A

Japan

48
Q

What is the significance of Japan defeating Russia in war?

A

First time and Asia nation has defeated a European one in a long time.
Stops Russia’s eastward expansion and forces them to focus on Europe. (lead up to WW1).

49
Q

What does Japan gain after the end of the Russo-Japanese war?

A
  • Only major power with much influence in Korea.
  • Russian lease of Liaodong Peninsula.
  • Railway from Liaodong to Harbin (South Manchurian Railway).
50
Q

How was Japan able to defeat Russia?

A
  • Rapid build-up of military and finances.
  • Western powers not angry with them for signing the ‘unequal treaties’.
  • Very sacrificial nationalist mindset.
  • Anglo-Japanese Treaty.
51
Q

What are the two kinds of Japanese policy in Manchuria, Korea, and China from 1906-1914?

A

Army: aggressive policy.
Civilians: cautious policy.

52
Q

What is the Black Dragon society?

A

Ultra-nationalist paramilitary group that was pro Japan as an imperialist world power.

53
Q

When is the Russian-Japan secret agreement?

A

1910.

54
Q

What is the Russian-Japan secret agreement?

A

Russia has influence in north Manchuria and Japan has influence in south Manchuria.

55
Q

When does Japan annex Korea?

A

1910.

56
Q

How does the Japanese army and the Black Dragon Society want to deal with China?

A

Want to create an independent Manchuria and control it through a puppet ruler.

57
Q

How does the Japanese government decide to deal with China?

A

Follow the lead of the USA and Britain and accept stable China because of good trade and economic stability.

58
Q

By 1914, what percentage of Japanese exports are to China?

A

20%

AS History (6 decks)

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