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AS History > Unit 2 - Imperialism's Effects on Europe > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Imperialism's Effects on Europe Flashcards

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1
Q

Who are the four leading European powers at the time?

A

Britain, France, Germany, and Russia.

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2
Q

When was German unification?

A

1871

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3
Q

Why is Bismarck so afraid of war in Europe?

A

Germany is powerful but young
French minister of war is preparing for a war against Germany
Nationalism is on the rise in many European countries

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4
Q

Who are interested in the Balkan countries?

A

Russia and Austria.

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5
Q

When does Bismarck resign?

A

1890

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6
Q

Who takes Bismarck’s place as leader of Germany?

A

General Von-Caprivi

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7
Q

What new alliance does Von-Caprivi hope for?

A

Britain, Italy, and Austria
vs
France and Russia

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8
Q

Why doesn’t Von-Caprivi’s plan to settle any disputes in Africa work?

A

Germany and Britain settle, but Britain decides to also settle with France and Russia so Britain isn’t closer with Germany than France and Russia.

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9
Q

How would Germany’s policy be described in the early 1900s?

A

Opportunistic

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10
Q

Who are France’s two enemies?

A

In europe: Germany
In africa: Britain

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11
Q

What are the details of the Entente Cordiale?

A

1904
Between France and Britain
France accepts Britain in egypt if Britain accepts France in Morrocco
Not an alliance

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12
Q

Where are Britain’s primary focus areas?

A

India, Egypt, South Africa

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13
Q

What was starting to happen to the British empire in the early 1900s?

A

Imperial overstretch

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14
Q

When was the first Moroccan crisis?

A

1905

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15
Q

What happens during the first Moroccan crisis?

A

German Kaiser greets Moroccan sultan as independent leader and doesn’t recognize France’s position in Morocco. Germany demands conference and resignation of Delcasse (French foreign minister).

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16
Q

What happens during the Algeciras conference?

A

States agree that France has special economic interests in Morocco.
Spain and France given joint control over Morocco.
All powers get equal economic rights within Morocco.

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17
Q

What is the aftermath of the first Moroccan crisis?

A

Germany develops Schlieffen plan.
France prepares in case Germany invades.

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18
Q

What happens during the second Moroccan crisis?

A

1911
France is going to occupy Morocco despite agreement at Algeciras conference.
Germany sends Gunboat.
Britain doesn’t want German Naval base in Morocco.

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19
Q

Who won the Russo-Japanese war?

A

Japan

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20
Q

What happens to Russia after defeat in the Russo-Japanese war?

A

They stop expanding east and start looking to expand into Europe again.
More willing to align with Britain.

21
Q

When was the Anglo-Russian agreement?

A

1907

22
Q

What does the Anglo-Russian agreement concern itself with?

A

Deciding colonial matters in Asia

23
Q

Who is involved in the Triple Entente?

A

Britain, France, Russia

24
Q

Why does Germany not want the Triple Entente?

A

They wants Britain and Russia against each other and they don’t want Russia focusing on Europe because that is where Germany is focused.

25
Q

Why did the Opium wars occur?

A

Britain has trade deficit
India is growing lots of opium
China has a ban on importing opium
Britain imports opium anyway
China catches them and starts a war

26
Q

What is the result of the Opium wars?

A

1842 Treaty of Nanking
China forced to import opium from Britain
Cedes Hong Kong to Britain and opens 5 coastal cities for trading

27
Q

Why does Russia have interest in China?

A

Ice-free port
New territory
Better access to the Pacific

28
Q

What are the two sides in the East?

A

Britain and Japan
vs
France, Germany, and Russia

29
Q

Why is South Africa important to Britain?

A

Before Suez canal so better trade routes and access to India

30
Q

Who are the Boers?

A

Former Dutch settlers in South Africa who have formed their own colonies.

31
Q

When does Britain annex Cape Colony?

A

1814

32
Q

When is the first Boer war?

A

1880

33
Q

Why did the Boers agree to annexation by Britain?

A

To protect them from the Zulus

34
Q

What causes large numbers of Brits to flood to Transvaal after 1886?

A

The discovery of gold

35
Q

Who does Kruger (President of Transvaal) look to to prevent absorption into the British empire?

A

Germany

36
Q

Who dominates the Transvaal economy by 1894?

A

Germany

37
Q

What was the Jameson raid?

A

A raid by Cecil Rhodes in 1895 to overthrow the Boer government. He fails, but Germany is furious. They congratulate Kruger (Transvaal leader) on preserving its independence. Britain doesn’t like this because they feel that Germany is meddling in its affairs.

38
Q

When was the second Boer war?

A

1899-1902

39
Q

Why is the second Boer war started?

A

Kruger believes that he will have support from France, Germany, and Russia due to their interest in Transvaal and therefore will be able to defeat Britain.

40
Q

Why does the second Boer war fail for the Boers?

A

Germany, France, and Russia do not get involved due to internal fighting and the British navy is too powerful to stop.

41
Q

How has public opinion at the end of the Boer war in Britain changed since the start of the war?

A

The public is against the war and their government because of the poor conditions in the Boer concentration camps.

42
Q

In this time period, what methods of international mediation are available?

A
  • Traditional diplomacy
  • Calling an international conference
43
Q

What are the ground rules for traditional diplomacy?

A
  • Each nation is sovereign
  • No international laws
44
Q

How did ambassadors work in this time?

A
  • They could advise nations on how to resolve conflict and inform them of their home country’s policies
  • They could not speak for the government or solve a crisis
45
Q

How did international conferences work in this time?

A
  • Could summon (not order) other nations to come
  • They would discuss/debate whatever problem caused the conference
  • Treaties/Acts/etc would be created
  • Conference would be dissolved once the issue was solved with no further plans to meet again
46
Q

Why was the Berlin conference of 1884 called?

A
  • To address the situation in the Congo between Portugese and Britain and the rest of the world
47
Q

When were the two Hague conferences?

A

1899 and 1907

48
Q

What was the purpose of the 1899 Hague conference?

A

It discussed how nations should settle disputes and a court of arbitration was established.

49
Q

What was the purpose of the 1907 Hague conference?

A

To ban the use of force to collect international debts and to plan a third conference set for 1914 that never happened because of the outbreak of WW1

AS History (5 decks)

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