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AS History > 2.2 International Tensions 1920-1923 > Flashcards

2.2 International Tensions 1920-1923 Flashcards

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1
Q

Did the USA ratify the Paris Peace Settlement?

A

No

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2
Q

Give the main reason why the USA didn’t ratify the Paris Peace Settlement.

A

They didn’t want to be dragged into another war, especially one across the ocean from them.

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3
Q

Why was Russia not invited to the Paris Peace Conference?

A

Fear of spread of communism and Russia’s Bolshevik government.

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4
Q

Who led the Fascist movement in Italy?

A

Benito Mussolini.

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5
Q

When did Mussolini rule Italy?

A

1922-1943

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6
Q

How did Mussolini go against the PPS?

A

Tried to gain more territories.

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7
Q

What policy did the US Democratic senators favor?

A

Internationalism.

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8
Q

What policy did the US Republican senators favor?

A

Isolationism.

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9
Q

What was isolationism for the USA?

A

Keeping out of international affairs unless it directly impacts the USA.

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10
Q

Which party had the majority in the US Senate when Wilson was president?

A

Republicans.

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11
Q

Why does the USA favor isolationism?

A

They don’t want another war.

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12
Q

Where did Britain focus on relations post-WW1?

A

Australia
Canada
New Zealand

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13
Q

When does the USA make a separate peace with Germany?

A

1921

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14
Q

Give three reasons why France felt vulnerable in the early 1920s.

A
  1. Britain focusing outside Europe.
  2. Russia no longer an ally for France since becoming Communist.
  3. USA not in LoN or able to guarantee protection.
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15
Q

Why do European countries fear Communism?

A

Communism is built on class revolution which would destroy the elites and governments of countries.

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16
Q

How do outside nations interfere in Russia’s civil war?

A

Europe and Japan aid the White Russians who oppose the Bolsheviks in order to prevent the Bolsheviks (Communism) from taking power in Russia.

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17
Q

What was the cycle of loans and reparations after WW1?

A

USA loaned Britain and France money to finance them during the war.
Britain and France need reparations from Germany in order to pay back the USA.
Germany needs loans from the USA in order to pay reparations to Britain and France.

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18
Q

What were the two main things that caused German hyperinflation?

A

Repaying debts.
Meeting reparations.

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19
Q

What was the dollar-mark exchange rate in Germany in early 1921?

A

$1 = 90 marks

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20
Q

What was the dollar-mark exchange rate in Germany in November 1923?

A

$1 = 4.2 trillion marks

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21
Q

How did the Weimar government in Germany try to fix the hyperinflation?

A

By printing more money.

22
Q

Did printing more money help German hyperinflation?

A

No, it only made it worse.

23
Q

Who occupied the Ruhr?

A

France and Belgium.

24
Q

When was the Ruhr occupied?

A

1923

25
Q

What value did the Ruhr region have for Germany?

A

Very important industrial region.

26
Q

Why did France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr?

A

Germany was not meeting reparations requirements.
France and Belgium occupied the Ruhr to take timber and coal as payment.

27
Q

What did the German government order in response to the occupation of the Ruhr?

A

Passive resistance.

28
Q

How effective was passive resistance in Germany during the Ruhr occupation?

A

Not very. It destroyed the German economy and made inflation worse.

29
Q

What was the benefit of passive resistance for Germany during the Ruhr occupation?

A

France and Germanu mostly failed to seize goods.

30
Q

Why did France and Britain have a strained relationship post-WW1?

A

Different attitudes towards German recovery.

31
Q

How did Britain view German economic recovery?

A

As vital to helping the global economy as well as giving them another trading partner.

32
Q

How did France view German economic recovery?

A

Wanted to keep Germany as weak as possible.

33
Q

How is the financial situation in Italy following WW1?

A

Not good.

34
Q

What causes inflating in Italy post-WW1?

A

Repaying war debts.

35
Q

Why does unemployment rise in Italy following WW1? [2]

A
  • 2 million soldiers return home looking for jobs
  • Most war production is ceased causing many people to lose their jobs
36
Q

When were the trade union strikes in Italy?

A

1919 and 1920

37
Q

What did the trade union strikes in Italy turn into?

A

Rioting and looting where the workers took control of factories.

38
Q

When does the Italian Communist Party form?

A

1921

39
Q

When is the Italian National Fascist Party founded?

A

1919

40
Q

Who founded the Italian National Fascist Party?

A

Benito Mussolini

41
Q

What sort of reputation does the Italian National Fascist Party gain?

A

One of violence (especially against communism).

42
Q

What are 5 groups of people that feared communism in Italy?

A

Industrialists
Landowners Association
Middle-class property owners
Roman Catholic Church
King Victor Emmanuel III

43
Q

What does the Communist Party call for in 1922?

A

A general strike.

44
Q

What are Mussolini’s aims for Italy once he comes to power and makes Italy the world’s first fascist state?

A

To make Italy ‘great, respected, and feared’.

45
Q

Which country’s troops occupied the port of Fiume?

A

Italy

46
Q

When did Italian troops occupy the port of Fiume?

A

March 1923

47
Q

What was Fiume supposed to be according to the Paris Peace Agreement?

A

A Free City.

48
Q

When is the LoN border dispute between Greece and Albania?

A

August 1923

49
Q

Why does Mussolini become angry at Greece after the LoN border dispute between Greece and Albania?

A

4 Italians were killed and Mussolini holds Greece responsible.

50
Q
A

AS History (6 decks)

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