2.2 International Tensions 1920-1923

Question 1

Did the USA ratify the Paris Peace Settlement?

Answer 1

No

Question 2

Give the main reason why the USA didn’t ratify the Paris Peace Settlement.

Answer 2

They didn’t want to be dragged into another war, especially one across the ocean from them.

Question 3

Why was Russia not invited to the Paris Peace Conference?

Answer 3

Fear of spread of communism and Russia’s Bolshevik government.

Question 4

Who led the Fascist movement in Italy?

Answer 4

Benito Mussolini.

Question 5

When did Mussolini rule Italy?

Answer 5

1922-1943

Question 6

How did Mussolini go against the PPS?

Answer 6

Tried to gain more territories.

Question 7

What policy did the US Democratic senators favor?

Answer 7

Internationalism.

Question 8

What policy did the US Republican senators favor?

Answer 8

Isolationism.

Question 9

What was isolationism for the USA?

Answer 9

Keeping out of international affairs unless it directly impacts the USA.

Question 10

Which party had the majority in the US Senate when Wilson was president?

Answer 10

Republicans.

Question 11

Why does the USA favor isolationism?

Answer 11

They don’t want another war.

Question 12

Where did Britain focus on relations post-WW1?

Answer 12

Australia
Canada
New Zealand

Question 13

When does the USA make a separate peace with Germany?

Answer 13

1921

Question 14

Give three reasons why France felt vulnerable in the early 1920s.

Answer 14

1. Britain focusing outside Europe.
2. Russia no longer an ally for France since becoming Communist.
3. USA not in LoN or able to guarantee protection.

Question 15

Why do European countries fear Communism?

Answer 15

Communism is built on class revolution which would destroy the elites and governments of countries.

Question 16

How do outside nations interfere in Russia’s civil war?

Answer 16

Europe and Japan aid the White Russians who oppose the Bolsheviks in order to prevent the Bolsheviks (Communism) from taking power in Russia.

Question 17

What was the cycle of loans and reparations after WW1?

Answer 17

USA loaned Britain and France money to finance them during the war.
Britain and France need reparations from Germany in order to pay back the USA.
Germany needs loans from the USA in order to pay reparations to Britain and France.

Question 18

What were the two main things that caused German hyperinflation?

Answer 18

Repaying debts.
Meeting reparations.

Question 19

What was the dollar-mark exchange rate in Germany in early 1921?

Answer 19

$1 = 90 marks

Question 20

What was the dollar-mark exchange rate in Germany in November 1923?

Answer 20

$1 = 4.2 trillion marks

Question 21

How did the Weimar government in Germany try to fix the hyperinflation?

Answer 21

By printing more money.

Question 22

Did printing more money help German hyperinflation?

Answer 22

No, it only made it worse.

Question 23

Who occupied the Ruhr?

Answer 23

France and Belgium.

Question 24

When was the Ruhr occupied?

Answer 24

1923

Question 25

What value did the Ruhr region have for Germany?

Answer 25

Very important industrial region.

Question 26

Why did France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr?

Answer 26

Germany was not meeting reparations requirements.
France and Belgium occupied the Ruhr to take timber and coal as payment.

Question 27

What did the German government order in response to the occupation of the Ruhr?

Answer 27

Passive resistance.

Question 28

How effective was passive resistance in Germany during the Ruhr occupation?

Answer 28

Not very. It destroyed the German economy and made inflation worse.

Question 29

What was the benefit of passive resistance for Germany during the Ruhr occupation?

Answer 29

France and Germanu mostly failed to seize goods.

Question 30

Why did France and Britain have a strained relationship post-WW1?

Answer 30

Different attitudes towards German recovery.