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AS History > Unit 1 - Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa Flashcards

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1
Q

What percentage of Africa was controlled by Europe in 1870?

A

10%

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2
Q

What comes from ideas?

A

Consequences

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3
Q

Why might Europeans be in favor of imperialism?

A
  • more resources
  • more trade
  • nationalism
  • show of global dominance
  • social imperialism (unify your country)
  • “someone will take it, might as well be us”
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4
Q

What are the two primary motives for imperialism?

A
  • economic
  • political
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5
Q

What are some of the political reasons for imperialism?

A
  • more power, control
  • better trade routes
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6
Q

What are some of the economic reasons for imperialism?

A
  • industrial revolution: more raw resources needed
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7
Q

What is a tariff?

A

an import tax that enables a country’s own industries to thrive

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8
Q

What are the four things in Europe in 1870 that enable rapid expansion into Africa?

A

maxim gun
quinine
steamboat
financial power

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9
Q

Who was King Leopold?

A
  • ruler of Belgium
  • founded the IAA (International African Association)
  • publicly was in favor of abolishing slavery, but really just wanted “a piece of the African cake”
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10
Q

When was the Berlin conference?

A

1885

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11
Q

What were some of the things decided at the Berlin conference?

A
  • sphere of influence
  • end slavery
  • effective occupation
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12
Q

When was the Egyptian uprising?

A

1882

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13
Q

Who originally funded the Suez canal?

A

the French and the Khedive

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14
Q

What were the French goals in the Upper Nile Crisis?

A
  • control the Nile (white nile specifically)
  • east-to-west control
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15
Q

Who were the Mahdist?

A

Islamic revolution group

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16
Q

What were the Mahdist goals in the Upper Nile Crisis?

A
  • drive out Britain
  • re-establish Muslim dominance
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17
Q

Why did the British want control of the Suez Canal?

A
  • easier, faster trade to India
  • able to control and tax other countries using the Suez Canal
18
Q

When was the Fashoda incident?

A

1898

19
Q

Who controlled South Sudan in 1898?

A

the Mahdi

20
Q

What is Fashoda?

A

an old fort on the white nile

21
Q

How did France claim Fashoda fort?

A

they had a two-year expedition starting in the Congo and finishing at Fashoda where they raised the French flag

22
Q

Who attacks Fashoda?

A

the Mahdists - they lose because they have less technologically advanced technology weaponry (but France uses 1/3 of its ammo)

23
Q

Why do the French want control of the White Nile?

A

they are mad at Britain for controlling the Suez Canal after the Khedive went bankrupt, so they want to use the White Nile as a bargaining tool for more land in the Upper Nile area

24
Q

Who was Pierre Braza?

A

Italian-French order who went to explore the lower Congo under King Leopold, but secretly tried to annex part of the Congo for France. He failed but was still considered a national hero in France.

25
Q

Who was David Livingstone?

A

Scottish missionary and explorer who crossed the continent of Africa and advocated for civilised colonization.

26
Q

Why did missionaries go to Africa?

A

To share the Good News and stop the slave trade.

27
Q

Who was Otto von Bismarck?

A

German chancellor who unified Prussia and Germany.

28
Q

What were Bismarck’s initial attitudes towards imperialism?

A

He was against it and wanted to focus more on protecting the German empire in Europe.

29
Q

Why did Bismarck change his views on imperialism?

A
  • Wanted to distract France
  • Public opinion was for imperialism
30
Q

Why was there British support for imperialism?

A
  • Wanted to prove that they were still a strong empire despite becoming weaker.
  • Excitement
  • Press
  • Adventure books
31
Q

Why was Darwin’s book influential for imperialism?

A

It said that some races are more superior that others due to advancing faster. This gave the European powers justification to colonize Africa.

32
Q

Who were some critics of imperialism in Britain?

A
  • Missionaries
  • Anthropologists
33
Q

How was the Boer war perceived in Britain?

A

Beginning - good (support)
End - bad (filthy situations in concentration camps)

34
Q

Why is there domestic support for imperialism in France?

A

Lost a bunch of wars lately (Napoleonic, Franco-Prussian) so national pride is wounded.
Social imperialism.

35
Q

Who were some opposition to imperialism in France?

A
  • French nationalists
  • Anarchists
  • Kinda socialists
36
Q

How did different countries implement colonial administrators?

A

Britain - mostly locals or brits with wide knowledge of the language and area
France/Germany/Portugal - nationals from europe who didn’t care as much about the local culture

37
Q

Why was there support in Germany for imperialism?

A
  • Nationalism
  • Global recognition
  • New nation
  • Literature
38
Q

Who supported imperialism in Germany?

A

Public
Navy league
Pan-German league
eventually Bismarck

39
Q

What was the Pan-German league?

A

Wanted to spread german culture and believed all german speakers in europe should be under the german empire..

40
Q

What was the Navy league?

A

wanted to increase the strength of Germany’s navy. advocated for Germany ‘having its place in the sun’.

AS History (5 decks)

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