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AS History > Unit 4 - USA's Rise to Power > Flashcards

Unit 4 - USA's Rise to Power Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the USA declare independence from Britain?

A

1776.

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2
Q

When was the USA recognized as an independent nation?

A

1783.

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3
Q

Where is America’s ‘frontier’ in the 1800s?

A

Their western border towards the Pacific ocean.

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4
Q

When does the US Census Bureau declare the frontier ‘closed’?

A

1890.

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5
Q

What connects the large American land?

A

Railways.

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6
Q

Why does the USA start to shift away from isolationism?

A

Rise of jingoism.
National pride and a greater concern for overseas matters.

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7
Q

When is the Columbian Exhibition?

A

1893.

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8
Q

What happened in 1893?

A

Economic depression.
Lots of unemployment.

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9
Q

How does the rapid growth of cities in America affect internal development?

A

Creates slums and unique social problems.

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10
Q

What threatens the USA’s developments externally?

A

The emergence of Japan and Germany as empires.
Aggressive European imperialism.

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11
Q

Why might the USA pursue an aggressive foreign policy?

A

To help deal with ‘embarrassing’ things at home.

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12
Q

What is a psychic crisis?

A

A crisis caused for an individual by
outside events, which he or she is
unable to come to terms with.

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13
Q

What is the USA’s production development by 1890?

A

Large agricultural production.
Large industrial production.

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14
Q

What are America’s traditional markets?

A

South America.
Domestic.

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15
Q

Where does America want to open new markets?

A

China.
Europe.

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16
Q

How does the USA want to safeguard against drastic fluctuations in their markets?

A

Create more markets for more stability.

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17
Q

When was THE INFLUENCE OF SEA POWER UPON HISTORY published?

A

1890.

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18
Q

How did THE INFLUENCE OF SEA POWER UPON HISTORY affect the USA’s attitude towards its foreign policy?

A

Argues that the USA needs a large military navy and merchant navy and to expand its influence.

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19
Q

Between 1898 and 1913, how much does the US Fleet expand?

A

11-36 ships.

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20
Q

How does the USA’s increase in Naval development affect the country’s development?

A

Major world trading power.
National wealth doubles between 1900 and 1912.
National investments grow by a lot.

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21
Q

Who colonized Cuba?

A

Spain.

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22
Q

How long was Cuba a colony of Spain?

A

Roughly 400 years.

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23
Q

How many times had Cuba already tried to gain its independence from Spain in the 1800s?

A

Twice.
The 10 Years War: 1868-78
The Little War: 1879-80

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24
Q

When was the Free Trade Treaty between the USA and Cuba?

A

1890.

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25
Q

What does the USA introduce in 1894 that Cuba is not happy about?

A

Tariffs on Cuban sugar.

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26
Q

Who is Jose Marti?

A

Cuban revolutionist who uses the political unrest and dissatisfaction to stir up a revolt against Spain.

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27
Q

What are the two primary reasons the USA intervenes in Cuba?

A
  1. The Yellow Press
  2. Shift in US policy to be more assertive and far-reaching
28
Q

What other factors affect the USA’s intervention in Cuba?

A
  1. The USS Maine explosion.
  2. Trade.
  3. US owned mines, estates, ranches threatened.
  4. US elites.
29
Q

What is President McKinley’s goal for the USA’s intervention in Cuba?

A

To install a Cuban government that would be favorable to the US. ‘neutral intervention’.

30
Q

What is the Teller Amendment?

A

Prohibits the USA from annexing Cuba.

31
Q

What happens in the US intervention in Cuba?

A

Cuba is conquered in 4 months and the USA destroys the Spanish empire.

32
Q

When does Spain ask for peace terms?

A

August 1898.

33
Q

What territory does the USA gain from Spain after defeating them in Cuba?

A
  • The Philippines
  • Puerto Rico
  • Hawaii
  • Guam
  • Cuba
34
Q

What happens to the Philippines under US control?

A

They initially hope for independence, but lose a guerilla war against the US who controls them.

35
Q

How does Roosevelt use Big Stick Diplomacy in Colombia and Panama?

A

Asks Panama to build a canal.
When they say no, he assists Panamanian rebels with military aid.

36
Q

What nations begin to function as colonies under the USA’s dollar diplomacy strategy?

A
  • Honduras
  • Dominican Republic
  • Nicaragua
37
Q

What is Liberia?

A

A country in Africa originally founded as an independent state for formerly enslaved people.

38
Q

How does the USA interact with Liberia?

A

They loan them money.
And send warships.
And military officers to train their army.

39
Q

How does the USA’s annexation of the Philippines impact their power?

A

They become more powerful in East Asia and are able to use their naval influence to negotiate the Treaty of Portsmouth between Japan and Russia.

40
Q

Why does the USA want to negotiate the Treaty of Portsmouth?

A

To prevent both Japan and Russia from becoming too powerful and making sure that Japan cannot threaten their position in Hawaii and the Philippines.

41
Q

How does President Theodore Roosevelt involve himself in European affairs?

A

Negotiates in favor of France at the Algeciras conference even though Kaiser Wilhelm called the conference.

42
Q

What platform did President Woodrow Wilson campaign on?

A

Anti-imperialism.

43
Q

How does Woodrow Wilson impact world affairs?

A

Sends troops to the Caribbean.
Sends troops to Mexico during civil war.
Joins the war in 1917 even after trying very hard not to.

44
Q

What is America’s initial attitude towards WW1?

A

Mixed.
Some people (Wilson and elites) favor the allies.
Lots of German-Americans.
Lots of Jews who are anti-Russia.

45
Q

How are the allies and the USA linked?

A

Economically, Britain is buying supplies from the USA and also taking out lots of loans from the USA.

46
Q

Why does the USA need the allies to win?

A

So they can pay back all of their loans.

47
Q

What is unrestricted submarine warfare?

A

Sinking of all merchant ships (Allied or neutral) carrying goods to or from Allied states.

48
Q

How does Germany use unrestricted submarine warfare in WW1?

A

Sinks all ships coming to Britain including supply ships but also many passenger ships such as the Lusitania.

49
Q

What was the Lusitania disaster?

A

British cruise liner sunk May 7, 1915. 128 Americans onboard.

50
Q

How does Germany respond to the Lusitania sinking?

A

Claims it was carrying munitions.
Agrees to stop unrestricted submarine warfare because they do not want the USA to get involved.

51
Q

Why does German unrestricted submarine warfare resume?

A

German High Command wants it. (not the Kaiser).
They need to get Britain out of the war.

52
Q

What was the Zimmerman telegram?

A

A telegram sent from Germany to Mexico, encouraging Mexico to invade the USA and distract them with the promise that Germany will help Mexico keep any territory they gain.

53
Q

Who intercepts the Zimmerman telegram?

A

Britain.

54
Q

When does Wilson declare war on the Central Powers?

A

April 6, 1917.

55
Q

Is the USA an Allied power or Associated power?

A

Associated power.

56
Q

What are the strengths of the USA going into WW1

A

Lots of men.
Strong economy.
Not really harmed by the war up to this point.

57
Q

What are the weaknesses of the USA going into WW1?

A

Would take almost 1 year to train a force to fight in Europe.

58
Q

When does Russia leave WW1?

A

1917

59
Q

Why does Russia leave WW1?

A

Bolshevik Revolution.

60
Q

How many American troops are in France by Sep. 1918?

A

1 million +

61
Q

Who does the USA support in Russia?

A

The White Russians.

62
Q

What happened to Russia’s government in 1917?

A

February revolution destroys Tsarist regimen.
Provisional government put in place that promises to fight a ‘people’s war’.
Bolsheviks seize power in Oct. 1917 under Lenin.

63
Q

What Treaty does Lenin sign with Germany?

A

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

64
Q

What does Wilson want to use his powerful position in WW1 for?

A

Peace. Not revenge.

65
Q

What does Wilson propose as part of the after-war reparations?

A

His 14 points.

66
Q

What does Wilson actually do when the treaties are being drawn up?

A

Steps back and lets France and Britain dictate much of the treaties so they come out harsher than Wilson would have liked.

67
Q

What are some of the key features of Wilson’s 14 points?

A

Self-determination.
Don’t make Germany so angry that they start another war.

AS History (5 decks)

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