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Flying – Knowledge Test > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most important factor that affects airplane performance?

A

Air density

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2
Q

As density altitude increases & air density decreases, does performance improve or worsen?

A

worsens

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3
Q

As air temp increases, air density?

A

decreases

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4
Q

As altitude increases, air density?

A

decreases

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5
Q

As barometric pressure increases, air density?

A

increases

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6
Q

As humidity increases, air density?

A

decreases

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7
Q

Density altitude

A

measurement of air density expressed in terms of altitude

(theoretical value)

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8
Q

What is density altitude used for?

A

determining plane’s performance capabilities

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9
Q

Humidity

A

amount of water vapor in the air

(affects engine power)

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10
Q

Relationship between humidity & engine performance?

A

Increase humidity = decrease performance

(less air enters cylinders)

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11
Q

What is the general rule for takeoff distance in humid environments?

A

add 10% to takeoff distance

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12
Q

What should you do if density altitude is above 5,000ft or power setting is less than 75%?

A

lean out engine for max power

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13
Q

Minimum takeoff distance

A

min safe speed that allows for sufficient safety margin above stall speed, provides control, & initial rate of climb

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14
Q

What is the affect of gross weight on takeoff performance?

A

increase gross weight = decrease in takeoff performance

(more takeoff speed, mass to accelerate, drag)

requires longer takeoff distance

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15
Q

Takeoff speed

A

min speed at which plane can become airborne

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16
Q

What would happen if takeoff speed were too low?

A

plane stalls & very low initial rate of climb

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17
Q

What would happen if takeoff speed were too high?

A

initial rate of climb better, but require LONGER takeoff distance

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18
Q

What does a plane’s climb performance depend on?

A

reserve thrust & reserve power

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19
Q

Climb Performance

VX

A

greatest gain in altitude for distance traveled on the ground (clear obstacles)

(most reserve thrust)

20
Q

Climb Performance

VY

A

greatest gain in altitude over a period of time

(most reserve power available)

21
Q

What variables affect climb performance?

A

Weight, altitude

22
Q

How does weight affect climb performance?

A

increase weight → plane must fly at greater AOA to maintain given altitude/speed

23
Q

How does altitude affect climb performance?

A

increase power required for climb & decrease in power available

(greater altitude = higher VX lower VY)

24
Q

Range

A

ability of plane to convert fuel energy into flying distance

25
Q

Power

A

work per unit time

26
Q

Cruise is based on what % of power?

A

65%

27
Q

What does a quartering crosswind mean?

A

directly across runway

28
Q

Does the landing distance change at different altitudes & temperature? If so why?

A

Yes

b/c change in air density

29
Q

Does the indicated airspeed for landing change at different altitudes & temperature? If so why?

A

No

30
Q

General rule for approximating landing distance based on density altitude?

A

add 3.5% of landing distance for every 1,000ft of altitude

31
Q

arm

A

horizontal distance (in) from reference datum to CG

32
Q

Basic empty weight

A

standard empty weight + optional equipment installed

33
Q

Center of gravity (CG)

A

point of balance along longitudinal axis

34
Q

CG limits

A

extreme (forward & aft) CG locations within which plane must be operated at a given weight

35
Q

Max ramp weight

A

max weight approved for ground maneuvers

36
Q

Moment

A

force that tries to cause an object to rotate

37
Q

Moment index

A

moment divided by a reduction number (100 or 1000)

make # smaller and reduce chance of mathematical errors in computing CG

38
Q

Payload

A

total weight of occupants, cargo, luggage

39
Q

Standard weights for gasoline, oil, and water?

A
  • Gasoline: 6 lb / US gal
  • Oil: 7.5 lb / US gal
  • Water: 8.35 lb / US gal
40
Q

Useful load

A

diff between takeoff weight & basic empty weight

41
Q

Total weight

A

basic weight + everything loaded on it

42
Q

Datum

A

arbitrary point established by plane designers

43
Q

What should the pilot do before every flight?

A

determine weight & balance condition of aircraft

44
Q

Equation for center of gravity (CG)

A

total moments / total weight

45
Q

Equation for calculating moment

A

weight x arm = moment

46
Q

As air temperature increases, density altitude will

A

increase

47
Q

What effect does high density altitude, as compared to low density altitude, have on propeller efficiency and why?

A

Efficiency is reduced because the propeller exerts less force at high density altitudes than at low density altitudes.

Flying – Knowledge Test (13 decks)

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