Unit 4 Flashcards
Aircraft
device that is used for flight in the air
Airplane
engine-driven fixed-wing aircraft that is supported by wings
Air traffic control (ATC)
service to promote safe, orderly, and expeditious flow of air traffic
Category
broad classification of aircrafts (transport, utility, acrobatic…)
Class
classification of aircraft within a category (single-engine, multi-engine, helicopter…)
Ceiling
height of lowest layer of clouds above Earth’s surface
Controlled airspace
airspace of defined dimension which ATC service is provided
Decision height (DH)
height above ground level (AGL) where the decision to continue or abandon approach must be made (instrument)
Flight plan
specified info relating to intended flight that is filed orally or in writing with ATC
Flight time
time between aircraft moves under its own power → comes to rest after landing
Large aircraft
max takeoff weight of +12,500 lb
Maintenance
inspection, overhaul, repair, and preservation of the aircraft & replacement of parts
Major alteration
alteration that might affect weight, balance, strength, performance, flight… of an aircraft
Manifold pressure
absolute pressure as measured in the induction system (expressed inches of mercury)
Minimum descent altitude (MDA)
lowest altitude where a descent is authorized on final approach (expressed in ft above mean sea level)
Night
time between end of evening civil twilight → beginning of morning civil twilight
(1h after sunset to 1h before sunrise)
Non Precision approach procedure
standard instrument approach with no electronic glide slope
Pilotage
navigation by visual reference to landmarks
Pilot in command (PIC)
person who has final authority, hold appropriate category/class/type rating, was designated PIC before flight
Positive control
control of all air traffic, within designated airspace by ATC
Precision approach procedure
standard instrument approach with an electronic glide slope
Small aircraft
max takeoff weight less than 12,500 lb
AFM
airplane flight manual
AGL
above ground level
ATC
air traffic control
CAS
calibrated air speed
DME
distance-measuring equipment
(compatible with TACAN)
FAA
federal aviation administration
FSTD
flight simulation training devic
FTD
flight training device
HIRL
high-intensity runway light system
IAS
indicated airspeed
ICAO
international civil aviation organization
LSA
light sport aircraft
MEL
minimum equipment list
MSL
mean sea level
NM
nautical mile
RBN
radio beacon
REIL
runway end identification lights
RNAV
area navigation
TACAN
ultra-high-frequency tactical air navigational aid
TAS
true airspeed
TCAS
traffic alert and collision avoidance system
TDZL
touchdown zone
TSO
technical standard order
VA
design maneuvering speed
(max speed limit load imposed)
VX
best angle of climb speed
(clear obstacles)
VY
best rate of climb speed
(reach altitude quickly)
VNE
never-exceed speed
VS
stalling speed
VS0
stalling speed in landing configuration
VS1
stalling speed in specific configuration
VR
rotation speed
VC
design cruising speed
VFE
flap extended speed
VLE
max landing gear extended speed
VLO
max landing gear operating speed
VLOF
lift-off speed
VMO
max operating limit speed
VNO
max structural cruising speed
VFR
visual flight rules
VHF
very high frequency
VOR
very-high-frequency omnirange station
VORTAC
collated VOR and TACAN
Standard airworthiness certificates
issued for aircraft type certificated in the normal, utility, acrobatic, commuter, or transport category
How long do airworthiness certificates last?
as long as maintenance & alterations are performed in accordance with FAA
Special flight permits
aircraft not currently able to meet applicable airworthiness requirements but is cable of safe flight for other purposes
Airworthiness directives (ADS)
legally enforceable rules that apply to aircraft, engines, propellers, and appliances
Who is authorised to perform maintenance?
Someone that holds a pilot certificate is authorized to perform maintenance on their own aircraft
(14 CFR Part 43.3)
Preventative maintenance:
simple preservation operations & replacement of small standard parts
(ie. replenishing hydraulic fluid & servicing landing gear wheel bearings)
What kind of paperwork is required to be filled after preventative maintenance?
signature, certificate number, and kind of certificate held by the person approving the work, and a description of the work must be entered in the aircraft maintenance records.
When is aircraft registration no longer valid?
- 30 days after death of certificate holder
- F foreign registration
- T transfer of ownership
- D destruction of aircraft
- U United States citizenship revoked
- C cancellation of registration
Aeronautical experience
pilot time obtained in an aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device
Cross country time
includes point of landing that is at least a straight-line distance of +50 NM from original point of departure
Ground training
training, other than flight, received from an authorized instructor
When must you report to FAA if you drove while intoxicated?
report to FAA (Security and Hazardous Materials Safety Office) less than 60 days after conviction
What is the blood alcohol tolerance for a pilot?
0.04% blood
must wait +8h after consumption
When does a First-class medical expire?
12 months after examination (less than 40 years)
6 months (+40)
When does a Second-class medical expire?
12 months after examination for operations requiring commercial pilot certificate
When does a Third-class medical expire?
60 months after examination (less than 40)
24 months (+40)
How long does a flight review last for?
valid for 2 years
Requirements to be a PIC
must have made at least 3 takeoffs & landings in an aircraft of the same category, class, and type in the last 90 days
What documents must be onboard plane at all times?
valid Airworthiness Certificate
Operating limitations & Registration Certificate
Aviation Safety Reporting Program (ASRP)
information concerning deficiencies in the aviation system
What happens if you deviate from a regulation during an emergency?
must send written report to FAA upon request
Right of Way Rules
2 aircrafts are approaching head on
- both should alter course to the right
Right of Way Rules
2 aircrafts converging
aircraft to the RIGHT has the right of way
Right of Way Rules
landing
Aircraft on final approach has right of way (lower altitude)
Right of Way Rules
Category of aircraft
Balloon, glider, airship, powered parachute, weight-shift control aircraft, airplane, helicopter
(sorter based on maneuverability)
Does any aircraft in distress have the ultimate right of way?
yes
Speed Limit
Below 10,000ft MSL
250 kt
Speed Limit
Within class B airspace
200 kt
Speed Limit
Below 2,500ft AGL & within 4 NM of airport
200 kt
NOTAM
Temporary flight restrictions
(president, aerial demonstration, sporting event, abnormally high barometric pressure +31 in mercury…)
Basic VFR fuel requirements day & night?
fly to 1st point landing + additional 30 min
(+45min at night)
When must an ELT must be inspected?
every 12 months
When must an ELT battery be replaced?
after 50% of their useful life has expired or when in use for more than 1 cumulative hour
When must an ELT be tested?
during the first 5 minutes after the hour
When should you use strobe lights (anti-collsion)?
at all times
When is oxygen mandatory?
If cabin pressure above 15,000 ft MSL
In what airspaces are Mode C transponders required?
Class A, B, C airspace
When are ADS-B Out required?
Class A, B, C airspace or below 18,000ft MSL
ADS-B Out
function of an aircraft’s onboard avionics that periodically broadcasts the aircraft’s state vector
(3D position & velocity)
When is aerobatic flight prohibited?
- visibility less than 3 SM
- altitude less 1,500ft above ground
- over congested area
When are parachutes required?
intentional maneuver exceeds a bank of 60º nose-up or down
(attitude of 30º relative to horizon)
When do annual inspections expire?
- on last day of the 12 month
How should inspections be kept track of?
documented in airplane’s maintenance records
Passanger briefing
- Smoking
- Safety belts & shoulder harnesses
- Emergency exit
- Location of survival equipment
- Floating equipment
- Emergency oxygen
VFR above 3,000ft AGL
magnetic course 0º - 179º
fly any odd thousand-foot MSL altitude + 500ft
VFR above 3,000ft AGL
magnetic course 180º - 359º
fly any even thousand-foot MSL altitude plus 500ft
Aircraft accident
injury/death or aircraft receives substantial damage
Fatal injury
injury resulting in death within 30 days of accident
Serious injury
injury that requires hospitalization
Substantial damage
damage that affects structural strength, performance, or flight characteristics & require major repair
Unmanned aircraft accident
operation of any public/civil unmanned aircraft system in which aircraft has max takeoff weight of 300 lb and sustains substantial damage, person suffers injury or death
Who should be notified when aircraft involved in an accident?
Nearest NTSB office must be notified immediately
(Flight control system malfunction, fire, collision, damage, injury… )
Who is responsible for preserving any wreckage, cargo, records until NTSB takes custody?
aircraft operator
When is Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Out equipment required?
In Class E airspace above 10,000 ft. MSL, except at and below 2,500 ft. AGL.
Which preflight action is specifically required of the pilot prior to each flight?
Become familiar with all available information concerning the flight.
Under what condition could an aircraft’s engine logbook show no previous operating history?
When the aircraft’s engine has been rebuilt by the manufacturer.
Except when necessary for takeoff or landing, what is the minimum safe altitude required for a pilot to operate an aircraft over congested areas?
An altitude of 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle within a horizontal radius of 2,000 feet of the aircraft.
At what altitude shall the altimeter be set to 29.92 when climbing to cruising flight level?
18,000 feet MSL.
On a post flight inspection of your aircraft after an aborted takeoff due to an elevator malfunction, you find that the elevator control cable has broken. According to NTSB 830, you
must immediately notify the nearest NTSB office.
The three takeoffs and landings that are required to act as pilot in command at night must be done during the time period from
1 hour after sunset to 1 hour before sunrise.
Can this be done without ADS-B out equip?
A VFR flight that departs a Class D airport, cruises in Class E airspace at 7,500 ft. MSL, and arrives at another Class D airport.
Yes
In regard to privileges and limitations, a private pilot may
not pay less than the pro rata share of the operating expenses of a flight with passengers provided the expenses involve only fuel, oil, airport expenditures, or rental fees.
If you are operating under BasicMed, what is the maximum speed at which you may fly?
250 kt
What is the definition of a high-performance airplane?
An airplane with an engine of more than 200 horsepower.
If you are operating under BasicMed, you may only fly aircraft that are certificated to carry no more than ____ occupants.
6
The operator of an aircraft that has been involved in an accident is required to file an NTSB accident report within how many days?
10
How soon after the conviction for driving while intoxicated by alcohol or drugs shall it be reported to the FAA’s Security and Hazardous Materials Safety Office?
No later than 60 days after the motor vehicle action.
VS0 is defined as the
stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration.
In order to qualify for BasicMed, you must have received a comprehensive examination from:
A state-licensed physician within the previous 48 months.
Which records or documents shall the owner or operator of an aircraft keep to show compliance with an applicable Airworthiness Directive?
Aircraft maintenance records.
No person may operate an aircraft in formation flight
except by prior arrangement with the pilot in command of each aircraft.
What action is required when two aircraft of the same category converge, but not head-on?
The aircraft on the left shall give way.
Where may an aircraft’s operating limitations be found?
In the current, FAA-approved flight manual, approved manual material, markings, and placards, or any combination thereof.
Except when necessary for takeoff or landing, what is the minimum safe altitude required for a pilot to operate an aircraft over other than a congested area?
An altitude of 500 feet AGL, except over open water or a sparsely populated area, which requires 500 feet from any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure.
What action should the pilots of a glider and an airplane take if on a head-on collision course?
Both pilots should give way to the right.
VNO is defined as the
maximum structural cruising speed.
What aircraft inspections are required for rental aircraft that are also used for flight instruction?
Annual condition and 100-hour inspections.
Except when necessary for takeoff or landing, what is the minimum safe altitude required for a pilot to operate an aircraft over congested areas?
An altitude of 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle within a horizontal radius of 2,000 feet of the aircraft.
