Unit 4B

Question 1

What are the two basic fluid compartments

Answer 1

Intracellular fluid
Interstitial fluis

Question 2

Describe the difference between crystalloids vs colloids

Answer 2

Crystalloids: small molecules that pass through the semipermeable membrane
Colloids: molecules too big to pass through the membrane; they stay in the intravascular compartment (ex: albumin)

Question 3

What is a isotonic solution

Answer 3

LR and NS
Expand the fluid volume in ECF
Watch for fluid overload
Don’t give LR if pH >7.5

Question 4

What is a hypotonic solution

Answer 4

0.225%, 0.35%, 0.45% NS or D5W (when metabolized)
Nursing Considerations: expand fluid volume in cells; watch for cardiovascular collapse; don’t give to pt who has burns, trauma, or low serum protein lvls

Question 5

What is a hypertonic solution

Answer 5

D5 in 0.45% or 0.9% NS
D5 in LR
3% NS
25% Albumin
Nursing Considerations: cells shrink and pull fluid into the ECF; don’t give with DKA, impaired heart, or impaired kidney patients