Unit 3 Flashcards
Who is at risk for acid-base imbalances
Young and old
What are PaCO2, pH, and HCO3 of acid-base imbalance?
HCO3 22-26
PaCO2 45-35
pH 35-45
What are the 3 systems for acid-base imbalances?
Chemical
Respiratory
Renal
How does acidosis affect electrolytes?
H+ ions into cell, which causes potassium to leave the cell leading to hyperkalemia
How does alkalosis affect electrolytes?
H+ ions leave the cell, which causes potassium to enter the cell leading to
hypokalemia
What are causes of respiratory acidosis?
Opioid overdose
Asthma
COPD
Pulmonary embolism
CNS depressants
What are causes of respiratory alkalosis?
Hyperventilation (hysteria, mechanical ventilator, pain)
What are s/s of respiratory acidosis?
Hypoventilation
CNS depression
Hyperkalemia
Low BP, O2, RR
What are interventions for respiratory acidosis?
Improve airway (positioning, oxygen, deep breaths)
Medication
Hydration
What are s/s of respiratory alkalosis?
High RR
Hypokalemia
CNS excitability
Hyperventilation
What are interventions for respiratory alkalosis?
Rebreather mask
Change ventilator
CNS depressants
Breathing exercises
What are causes of metabolic alkalosis?
NG suction
Vomiting
Antacids (Tums)
Diuretics
What are causes of metabolic acidosis?
DKA
Renal failure
Diarrhea
Shock
Aspirin overdose
What are s/s of metabolic acidosis?
Hyperventilation (Kussmaul’s respirations)
CNS depression - confusion
ECG changes - hyperkalemia
N/V
Low HR, Low BP
What are s/s of metabolic alkalosis?
CNS excitability
Hypokalemia
Twitchy muscles, seizures
Hypoventilation
High HR, may have low BP
