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Med Surg 1 Semester > Unit 4A > Flashcards

Unit 4A Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most obvious problem of hyponatremia?

A

Cerebral changes

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2
Q

What is the most severe problem of hyperkalemia?

A

Cardiovascular changes

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3
Q

What assessment findings indicate that a patient may have hypervolemia?

A

Overdose of fluids
Fluid shifts that occur following burns
Severe stress
Hyperaldosteronism
Prolonged use of corticosteroids
Compromised regulatory systems

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4
Q

What are cardiovascular and respiratory changes in a patient with dehydration

A

Tachycardia
Tachypnea

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5
Q

What are cardiac changes seen in a patient with hypermagnesemia

A

Bradycardia
Peripheral vasodilation
Hypotension

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6
Q

What are causes of dehydration

A

Burns
NPO
Fever
Diuretics
DKA
Suction
Hemorrhage

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7
Q

What are causes of fluid overload?

A

Hypervolemia
Kidney failure
Heart failure
Water intoxication

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8
Q

What are cues of dehydration?

A

Increased HR
Hypotension
Flat veins
Increased RR
Confusion
Fever
Fissured tongue
Decreased output

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9
Q

What are cues of fluid overload

A

Bounding heart beat
Tachycardia
Edema
Crackles
Shallow respirations
Confusion

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10
Q

What are interventions for dehydration?

A

Oral rehydration solution (60-120mL/hr)
IV fluids
Medications
Safety - call light and move slowly

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11
Q

What are interventions for fluid overload?

A

Daily weight
Assess lung sounds every 2 hrs
Safety
Restrict Na+
Diuretics

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12
Q

What are normal ranges for potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium?

A

K+: 3.5-5
Na+: 135-145
Mag: 1.5-2.5
Cal: 8.5-10.5

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13
Q

What are causes of hyponatremia?

A

NPO
Diuretics
IV fluids
Burns
Diet
Water intoxication

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14
Q

What are cues of hyponatremia?

A

Weakness
Low Temp
Confusion

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15
Q

What is SALT for natremia?

A

Seizures
Abdominal pain
Low pressure
Tachycardia

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16
Q

What is DASH in relation to hypernatremia?

A

Dehydration
Agitation
Swollen
Hot/Flushed

17
Q

What are causes of hypernatremia?

A

Kidney failure
Cushing syndrome
Diarrhea, diaphoresis, dehydration

18
Q

What are interventions for natremia imbalances?

A

Increase or decrease fluids
Changes of Na+ in diet
Diuretics

19
Q

What are causes of hypokalemia?

A

Diuretics
Diarrhea
NG suctioning
Alkalosis

20
Q

What are causes of hyperkalemia?

A

Acidosis
Diet
K+ sparing medication
DKA

21
Q

What are cues of hypokalemia?

A

U-waves
DTR reduced
Constipation
Cramps/Muscle weakness

22
Q

What are cues of hyperkalemia?

A

T-waves
Twitching
Diarrhea

23
Q

What are common cues of kalemia imbalances?

A

Bradycardia
Hypotension
Dysrhythmias

24
Q

What are interventions for hypokalemia?

A

IV K+ - vessicant

25
Q

What are interventions for hyperkalemia?

A

Insulin or dextrose
Dietary teaching
Give Lasix

26
Q

Why is magnesium needed?

A

To absorb calcium and vitamin D

27
Q

What are causes of hypomanesemia?

A

malnutrition
diuretics
suctioning

28
Q

What are causes of hypermagnesemia

A

Kidney failure
Antacids

29
Q

What are cues of hypomagnesemia?

A

Trousseau’s sign
Ckvostek’s sign
Twitchy/Tetany
Sensory changes

30
Q

What are cues of hypermagnesemia?

A

Flushed/hot
Hypotension
Muscle weakness
Respiratory depression

31
Q

What are causes of hypocalcemia?

A

Malabsorption
Diarrhea
Thyroid surgery

32
Q

What are causes of hypercalcemia?

A

Hyperparathyroidism
Thiazide diuretics

33
Q

What are cues of hypocalcemia?

A

Weak bones
Non-clotting blood
Weak and thready heart beats
Diarrhea
Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s sign
Paresthesia
Twitching

34
Q

What are cues of hypercalcemia?

A

consitpation
Bone pain
Blood clots
BP and HR increase –> dysrhythmias
Decreased reflexes
Weakness
Confusion

35
Q

What should be priority 1 with any fluid/electrolyte imbalance?

A

Safety!!

Med Surg 1 Semester (16 decks)

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