Unit 4a Flashcards
0
Q
What are the types of tissues in the human body?
A
Connective, muscle, epithelium, and nerve
1
Q
What are the levels of organization?
A
Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
2
Q
What is the function of connective tissue?
A
Connects cell layers
3
Q
What function does muscle tissue have?
A
Associated with hairs and response
4
Q
What function does epithelium tissue have?
A
Cover the body
5
Q
What function does nerve tissue have?
A
Detection
6
Q
Where is connective tissue located?
A
Between cell layers
7
Q
Where is muscle tissue located?
A
In the skin
8
Q
Where is epithelium tissue located?
A
On the body
9
Q
Where is nerve tissue located?
A
On the nerves
10
Q
What are the parts of the nervous system?
A
Central and peripheral nervous systems, and neurons
11
Q
What is the function of the brain?
A
To function the body’s actions and process the feedback
12
Q
What does the frontal love control?
A
Thought, memory, and behavior
13
Q
What does the temporal lobe control?
A
Hearing, learning, and emotions
14
Q
What does the parietal lobe control?
A
Language and touch
15
Q
What does the occipital lobe control?
A
Visual processing
16
Q
What does the cerebellum control?
A
Balance and coordination
17
Q
What does the brain stem control?
A
Breathing, heart rate, and temperature
18
Q
What does the spinal cord do?
A
Process and controls reflexes
19
Q
What does the peripheral nervous system do?
A
Sends and receives impulses to and from the brain
20
Q
What does a dendrite do?
A
Receives impulses from the axon terminals
21
Q
What does the axon and axon terminals do?
A
Carries impulses away from the cell body
22
Q
What does the myelin sheath do?
A
Insulating membrane that surrounds the axon
23
Q
What is a node?
A
The exposed axon not covered in the myelin sheath
24
What is a synapse?
The gap between the axon terminal and the dendrite
26
What are the five senses?
Sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch
27
What do stimulants do?
Increase the actions regulated by the nervous system; increases neurotransmitter at some synapses in the brain
28
What do depressants do?
Decrease the rate of functions regulated by the brain; slow down heart rate and breathing, lower blood pressure, relax muscles, and relieve tension
29
What are some stimulants?
Cocaine and opiates
30
What are some depressants?
Marijuana and alcohol
31
What is an action potential?
The change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell
32
What are the parts of the integumentary system?
The epidermis and dermis
33
What is the function of the epidermis?
Protects against sunlight, disease, water and is the largest sense organ
34
What is the function of the dermis?
Regulates body temperature
35
What is the function of the skeletal system?
Provides support and movement and produces blood cells
36
What is the axial skeleton?
The skull and the bones that support it; vertebral column, ribs, and sternum
37
What is the appendicular skeleton?
Bones of the arms and legs and structures associated with them
38
What is a joint?
A place where two or more bones meet
39
What types of joints are there?
Ball and socket, hinge, gliding, pivot, and fixed
40
What is a ligament?
A tough band of connective tissues that connects bones to bones
41
What does cartilage allow?
Smooth movement between bones
42
What is a bursa?
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion and absorb shock and keeps bones from rubbing against each other
43
What are tendons?
Thick bands of connective tissue that attach muscle to bone
44
What is a sprain?
Forcible twisting of a joint; can result in injury to the bursa, ligaments, and tendons
45
What is arthritis?
A common joint disease; inflammation results from infection, aging, or injury and can result in bone spurs
46
What are osteoblasts?
Potential bone cells
47
What are osteoclasts?
Cells that repair bone cells
48
What is compact tissue?
A layer if hard bone covered by a nerve and blood vessel filled membrane that supplies nutrients and oxygen to bone cells
49
What is spongy tissue?
Tissue filled with many holes and spaces
50
What is marrow?
Soft tissue which fills the center cavity of a bone
51
What does red marrow do?
Produced red blood cells, some white blood cells, and cell fragments involved in blood clotting
52
Where is red marrow located?
In the humerus, femur, sternum, ribs, vertebra, and pelvis
53
What does yellow marrow do?
Stores fats and acids
54
Where is yellow marrow found?
Many other bones
55
What supplies the energy muscles need?
Cellular respiration
56
What are the types of muscles?
Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
57
Where is skeletal muscle found?
On bones
58
Where is smooth muscle found?
In internal organs and blood vessels
59
Where is cardiac muscle found?
In the heart
60
What is skeletal muscles function?
Moves skeleton with short and strong contractions
61
What is smooth muscles function?
To contract slowly
62
What is cardiac muscles function?
Conduct electrical impulses necessary for rhythmic contraction
63
What are skeleton muscles made of?
Bundles of muscle fiber that consists myofibrils, which are tiny cylinder shaped structures
64
What to myofibrils contain?
Filaments
65
What are thick filaments made of?
Myosin
66
What are thin filaments made of?
Actin
67
What are sections of myofibrils called?
Sacromere
68
What are the types of blood vessels?
Arteries, veins, and capillaries
69
What are capillaries made of?
A single layer of epithelial cells
70
What are arteries and veins made of?
Smooth muscle and connective tissue
71
What do valves prevent?
The back flow of blood
72
Where is the site of gas exchange?
Alveoli
73
What happens during diastole?
Blood flows from the veins into the heart chamber
74
What happens during systole?
Atria briefly contract and fill the ventricles with blood. Ventricles contract and propel blood out
75
What does the sinoatrial node do?
Generated electrical signals that trigger the contraction of the atria
76
What causes heart attacks?
Coronary feeding the heart is blocked
77
Where is blood pressure highest?
Arteries
78
Where does blood pressure drop to zero?
Veins
79
What factors keep blood moving back to the heart?
Muscle contractions, breathing, and one way valves
80
What is blood pressure measured by?
Systolic and diastolic pressures
81
What can measuring blood pressure reveal?
Cardiovascular problems
82
What causes blood clotting?
Blood vessels are injured. Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin; thromboplastin converts prothrombin to thrombin; thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot
83
What is the lymphatic system?
A network of vessels, nodes, and organs that collects the fluid that is lost by the blood and returns it back to the circulatory system
84
What fluid can be lost by the blood?
Lymph
85
What is the basic function of the respiratory system?
To bring about the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
86
What makes up the respiratory system?
The nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
87
What is the pharynx?
Serves as a passageway for both air and food
88
What is the trachea?
The windpipe
89
What does the larynx contain?
Vocal chords
90
What are the bronchi?
The large passageways in the chest cavity
91
What happens during has exchange?
The oxygen dissolved in the moisture on the inner surface of the alveoli and then diffuses across the thin walled capillaries into the blood; carbon dioxide in the bloodstream diffuses in the opposite direction
92
What is the diaphragm?
A large, flat muscle under the lungs
93
What happens during breathing?
When you breath in, the diaphragm contracts and the rib cage rises up; when you breathe out, the diaphragm relaxed and the rib cage lowers
94
What makes up the digestive system?
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, salivary glands, pancreas, and liver
95
What do most of the mechanical digestion?
Teeth
96
What enzyme does saliva contain?
Amylase
97
What is the esophagus?
The food tube that leads to the stomach
98
What contraction of the smooth muscle causes food, water, and waste to move slowly?
Peristalsis
99
What is the stomach?
A large muscular sac
100
What two enzymes begin protein digestion?
Pepsin and hydrochloric acid
101
What does the pancreas produce?
Hormones that regulate blood sugar levels, enzymes that break down food, and sodium bicarbonate
102
What does the liver produce?
Bile
103
What does the gallbladder do?
Stores bike
104
What do villi do?
Absorb nutrients
105
What does the large intestine do?
Removes water from the un digested material that is left
