Cell Division and DNA Flashcards
What is the difference between diploid and haploid?
Diploid = two sets - 2(23) Haploid = half a set - 23
What is the process of DNA replication?
Hellocase unzips the DNA at base pairs and polymerase pairs up the bases with the correct partner. When the DNA is fully unzipped and copied, two strands of DNA remain.
What is crossing over?
Two chromosomes exchange segments with one another.
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis = asexual reproduction Meiosis = sexual reproduction
What is a gamete?
A gamete is a set of sex cells. The egg comes from an ovary and the sperm comes from a testicle.
What size of cell is more efficient and why?
Small cells are more efficient because they allow faster and easier transport/exchanges.
What occurs during the cell cycle?
Protein (histone) and DNA are tightly bound together (chromatin). They then form a bead-like structure called a nucleosome. During mitosis, it organizes itself into chromosomes.
What is the structure of a chromosome?
It is shaped like an X and the two strands are called sister chromatids. The centromere is what holds them together.
What is the difference between cell division in plants and animals?
Plant cells build a wall, but animal cells pinch and divide.
What are cyclins and what do they control?
They are any number of proteins associated with the cell cycle. They initiate certain processes of mitosis.
What is the relationship between tumors and cancer?
They both don’t know when to die.
What are purines and pyrimidines and how are they related?
Pyrimidines are small and fit together with large purines. They are both nitrogen bases.
How are codons, anticodon, and amino acids related?
Codons look for anticodon and amino acids join together during this process.
What happens during transcription?
DNA makes messenger RNA and ribosomal RNA. Ribosomal RNA bonds amino acids together. Transfer RNA brings amino acids for assembly into proteins.
What happens during translation?
Messenger RNA finds a ribosome. The codon on the messenger RNA looks for a compliment, or an anticodon, from the transfer RNA. The ribosome begins making a protein when it finds a start codon.
