Unit 4.2 Plant tissues, organs and organ systems

Question 1

Epidermal tissue function is

Answer 1

covers the plant

Question 2

Palisade mesophyll tissue function is

Answer 2

trap sunlight for photosynthesis - packed full with chloroplasts

Question 3

Spongy mesophyll tissue function is

Answer 3

contains lots of air spaces to allow gases to diffuse in and out of cells

Question 4

Xylem function

Answer 4

to transport water from the roots up and down the plant

Question 5

Phloem function

Answer 5

to transport glucose from the leaves up and down the plant

Question 6

Translocation…

Answer 6

Is the mass movement of sugars up and down the plant

Question 7

Meristem tissue function

Answer 7

found at the growing tips (shoots and roots) and can differentiate into lots of different types of plant cells

Question 8

Upper epidermis tissue function is

Answer 8

transparent so that light can pass through

Question 9

Stomata function is

Answer 9

composed of 2 guard cells - this allows the gases to diffuse into and out of the leaf

Question 10

The phloem tubes are made up of

Answer 10

elongated living cells

Question 11

Xylem tubes/vessels are made up of

Answer 11

dead cells

Question 12

Define the transpiration stream

Answer 12

movement of water from the roots, through the xylem and out of the stomata

Question 13

Transpiration is

Answer 13

the evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant via its stomata

Question 14

Transpiration is fastest when it is

Answer 14

windy, dry air, sunny and warm

Question 15

Transpiration is slow when it is

Answer 15

cold, dark, humid and not windy

Question 16

How can you estimate the rate of transpiration?

Answer 16

By measuring the rate of water uptake using a potometer

Question 17

Name the cell that makes up the stomata

Answer 17

guard cells

Question 18

How do guard cells respond when there is plenty of water available?

Answer 18

they become turgid and the stomata open

Question 19

How do guard cells respond when there is not a lot of water available?

Answer 19

they shrink and become flaccid and the stomata close

Question 20

How do they stomata respond to the dark

Answer 20

they close to conserve water

Question 21

Which side of a leaf do you find more stomata

Answer 21

underside

Question 22

Why is there fewer stomata on the upper surface of a leaf?

Answer 22

because it is sunnier and warmer - having less stomata reduced water loss

Question 23

why is the upper epidermis transparent?

Answer 23

to allow light to pass through

Question 24

What type of cells is the xylem made from ?

Answer 24

dead cells

Question 25

Xylem tubes are strengthened by what material?

Answer 25

lignin

Question 26

The movement of water from the roots up the stem and out through the leaves is called the…

Answer 26

transpiration stream

Question 27

This word describes the evaporation and diffusion of water from the leaf via the stomata

Answer 27

transpiration

Question 28

Phloem tubes are made up from what type of cell?

Answer 28

living cells

Question 29

In a plant is glucose transported down the plant OR up and down the plant?

Answer 29

up AND down

Question 30

The movement of glucose up and down the plant is called?

Answer 30

translocation

Question 31

At night time what happens to the stomata?

Answer 31

they close (as no need to take in carbon dioxide)

Question 32

In the night what process happens in the plant?

Answer 32

respiration ONLY

Question 33

In the daytime what processes occur inside the plant?

Answer 33

Photosynthesis AND respiration

Question 34

In the daytime how do the stomata respond?

Answer 34

they open

Question 35

In dry conditions what happens to the stomata of a plant?

Answer 35

they become flaccid so that the stomata pore closes

Question 36

Why does the stomata close in dry conditions?

Answer 36

reduce water loss

Question 37

Which side of the leaf do you find the fewest number of stomata?

Answer 37

upper side

Question 38

Why are there fewer stomata on the upper surface of the leaf

Answer 38

warmer and sunnier

Question 39

Why are there more stomata on the under side of the leaf?

Answer 39

its cooler and in the shade

Question 40

Equation for photosynthesis (word equation)

Answer 40

water + carbon dioxide = glucose and oxygen

Question 41

How is the glucose used by the plant?

Answer 41

make cellulose
store as starch
used in respiration
used to make amino acids which make proteins
used to make fats and oils