Unit 4.1.3 Transport In Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

what is being described?
the random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (down a concentration gradient) until there is no net movement (particles are evenly distributed/equilbrium reached)

A

diffusion

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2
Q

A concentration gradient is

A

the difference in concentration between one area and another - the bigger the difference the bigger the gradient

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3
Q

What factors affect rate of diffusion

A

temperature, concentration gradient and surface area

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4
Q

Give an example of diffusion in real life

A

synapses, leaves, gut, lungs, roots,

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5
Q

What part of a cell do molecules have to cross in diffusion?

A

cell membrane

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6
Q

In cells what diffuses?

A

oxygen and glucose diffuses IN and carbon dioxide diffuses OUT

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7
Q

What is an alveoli?

A

air sac found in the lungs - this is where diffusion of gases occurs

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8
Q

How are exchange surfaces adapted for exchange?

A

large surface area, moist, extensive blood supply, thin

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9
Q

If a cube has a length of 2 cm calculate its surface area, volume and surface area: volume ratio

A

surface area: 24
volume: 8
surface area: volume ratio 3:1

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10
Q

Osmosis is

A

the movement of WATER particles from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

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11
Q

Osmosis occurs in the

A

roots of a plant

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12
Q

When carrying out a practical to determine the solute concentration inside a potato, why do you calculate % change in mass?

A

because the mass of potatoes can vary

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13
Q

When carrying out a practical to determine the solute concentration inside a potato, why do you blot the potatoes dry?

A

to remove any excess water as this may affect the final mass

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14
Q

Active transport is

A

the movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration (up or against a concentration gradient). Energy is required which comes from respiration.

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15
Q

Active transport in plants occurs in

A

the roots for the absorption of mineral ions

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16
Q

Active transport in animals occurs in

A

the small intestine (gut) for the absorption of glucose/sugar

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17
Q

What type of organism can rely of simple diffusion to meet its metabolic needs?

A

A singled cells organisms

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18
Q

Feature of single celled organisms is

A

it has a large surface area to volume ratio

19
Q

Large multicellular organisms need exchange surfaces and a transport system because

A

they have a small surface area to volume ratio and CAN NOT obtain the materials they need by simple diffusion

20
Q

plants require mineral ions for

A

healthy growth

21
Q

Plants obtain mineral ions from the soil by

A

active transport

22
Q

Structures in the small intestine are called

A

villi

23
Q

These cells are adapted to absorb water and minerals from the soil

A

root hair cells

24
Q

root hair cells absorb mineral ions by what process?

A

active transport

25
Q

water is absorbed in the roots by what process?

A

osmosis

26
Q

Active transport is also used in humans, name the location

A

Gut - small intestine

27
Q

What can be said about the SA:volume ratio of a single celled organism?

A

it is large

28
Q

What can be said about the SA:volume ratio of a multicellular organism

A

it is small

29
Q

Exchange surfaces are adapted for exchange - how?

A

large SA
thin
extensive blood supply

30
Q

exchange surfaces include

A

lung(alveoli), small intestine (villi), roots, leaf

31
Q

In the alveoli what is exchanged?

A

oxygen IN

carbon dioxide OUT

32
Q

In the small intestine what is exchanged?

A

glucose into blood
amino acids into blood
fatty acids and glycerol into blood

33
Q

What are the lungs composed of?

A

alveoli

34
Q

How is a leaf adapted for exchange?

A

thin, many stomata, large surface area, air spaces inside leaf

35
Q

At the leaf surface what is exchanged during the day?

A

carbon dioxide in

oxygen out

36
Q

At night what is exchanged at the leaf surface?

A

water out
carbon dioxide out
oxygen in

37
Q

What does a plant use carbon dioxide for?

A

photosynthesis

38
Q

When does photosynthesis take place?

A

during the day

39
Q

During the day what opens on the leaf to allow for exchange to occur?

A

stomata

40
Q

At night what happens to the stomata?

A

they close

41
Q

What other molecule diffuses out of the leaf?

A

water

42
Q

What is the exchange surface of fish called?

A

gills

43
Q

How are the gills of a fish adapted for exchange?

A

large SA, thin, extensive blood supply = maximises diffusion!