4.4 Respiration Flashcards
Where does the oxygen come from for aerobic respiration in humans?
We breathe it in.
Respiration is a chemical reaction that is controlled by…
enzymes
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiraiton in animals?
Glucose –> Lactic Acid + Energy (ATP)
What is meant by an organism’s metabolism?
All of the chemical reactions that are occuring in the organism e.g. respiration, photosynthesis etc.
Where does the glucose come from for respiraiton in animals?
Food e.g. carbohydrates - starchy foods - potatoes/pasta
What are the differences between anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration?
Produces lactic acid (in animals)
Produces ethanol (in plants/yeast)
Produces less energy
Does not require oxygen
Involves incomplete breakdown of glucose.
Give 4 examples of chemical reactions that involve building up molecules in an organism.
- Glucose molecules built into starch
- Glucose molecules built into glycogen.
- 1 x Glycerol and 3 x Fatty Acids built into lipids.
- Amino acids built into proteins.
Where does aerobic respiration occur in a cell?
Mitochondria
Give 2 examples of chemical reactions that involve breaking substances down in an organism.
- Respiration - breaking down glucose to provide energy.
- Excess protein is broken down into amino acids and then urea which is then excreted as urine.
How does the body respond to exercise? (5 points must remember!)
- Energy demand increases so more respiration needed.
- Oxygen demand increases – increased rate and depth of breathing.
- Glucose demand increases – glycogen stores broken down into glucose.
- Heart rate increases – to get glucose and oxygen to muscles faster.
- More waste CO2 produced – breathing and heart rate speed up removal.
What is it that makes bread rise?
The carbon dioxide produced from anaerobic respiration of syeast.
Where is glycogen stored in an animal?
Muscles
Liver
Why does a fitter person have a lower resting heart rate?
They have a stronger heart muscle.
So heart can pump more blood
Oxygen demand is met with fewer beats.
Plants store glucose molecules in long branched chains called…
starch
Anaerobic respiration (fermentaiton) of yeast cells is used in industry to produce…
Beer and wine
Bread
Anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast is sometimes called….
FERMENTATION
What is an enzyme?
A protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being used up (sometimes called a biological catalyst).
How is aerobic respiration different to anaerobic respiration?
Uses oxygen
Produces more energy
Involves the complete breakdown of glucose.
Does not produce lactic acid
Does not produce ethanol
What does the word ‘aerobic’ mean?
With oxygen.
What are the waste products of aerobic respiration?
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Animals store glucose molecules in long branched chains called..
glycogen
What is a single lipid molecule made from?
1 x Glycerol
3 x Fatty Acids
What does the word ‘anaerobic’ mean?
Without oxygen.
What are the 2 main types of respiration?
Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
All of the chemical reactions that happen in an organism e.g. respiration are collectively called its…
metabolism.
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration (fermentation) in plants/yeast?
Glucose –> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide + Energy (ATP)
What is an exothermic reaction?
A chemical reaction that releases heat energy to the surroundings.
When does the body do anaerobic respiration as well as aerobic respiration?
During vigourous exercise.
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP)
What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
What is respiration?
An exothermic chemical reaction that happens in ALL cells.
That produces energy (ATP) from glucose.
The energy (ATP) from respiration is used to do what 3 main things?
- Build large molecules from small ones (e.g. proteins from amino acids).
- Allows the muscle sof animals to contract for movement.
- Allows mammals and birds to maintain body temperature.
How do plants make amino acids?
They combine glucose with nitrates
What are the two types of anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration in animals.
Anaerobic respiraiton in yeast/plants (FERMENTATION).
What is an oxygen debt?
The extra oxygen that your body needs to take in to get rid of lactic acid after doing anaerobic respiration.
Why is breathing rapid and deep after exercise?
Totake in more oxygen to get rid of the oxygen debt caused by doing anaerobic respiration.
After exercise, lactic acid is treansported to the liver where is it converted into…
glucose
Where is lactic acid converted into glucose after exercise?
The liver
