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SHHS - Science - AQA Biology Trilogy > Unit 4.1.1 Cell Structure > Flashcards

Unit 4.1.1 Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

animal and plant cells are examples of E..

A

Eukaryotes

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2
Q

Eukaryotes are complex organisms often described as M

A

Multicellular

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3
Q

Bacterial cells are P…

A

prokaryotes

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4
Q

Prokaryotic cells do not have…

A

a nucleus or mitochondria

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5
Q

prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells are

A

smaller, single celled, have rings of DNA called plasmids

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6
Q

Groups of bacterial cells are called

A

colonies

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7
Q

What does an animal cell not have that a plant cell has?

A

cell wall, vacuole and chloroplasts

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8
Q

Function of the cell membrane

A

controls what enters and leaves the cell

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9
Q

Function of the nucleus

A

Controls the cells activities and contains the genetic material (DNA)

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10
Q

Function of the cell wall

A

Provides support to the plant, made of cellulose

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11
Q

Function of bacterial plasmids

A

provide bacteria with variation - usually conferring antibiotic resistance

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12
Q

Function of the ribosomes

A

protein synthesis - its a very small organelle

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13
Q

Function of the mitochondria

A

Site of respiration, energy is released here

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14
Q

Describe the feature of bacterial DNA

A

Circular/loop, not arranged into chromosomes and not found in a nucleus

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15
Q

All eukaryotic cells have

A

a nucleus

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16
Q

An organelle is

A

a part of the cell with a specific function

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17
Q

The cytoplasm

A

is mainly water and is where the chemical reactions occur

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18
Q

Substances move in and out of cells by

A

diffusion

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19
Q

In exchange of materials between cells and their environment, substances must cross the

A

cell membrane

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20
Q

All our cells require

A

glucose and oxygen

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21
Q

All our cells carry out a process called R…

A

respiration

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22
Q

We can view cells using a

A

light microscope

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23
Q

Respiration is

A

is a chemical reaction that occurs inside all your cells to release energy

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24
Q

DNA in eukaryotic cells is arranged into C…

A

chromosomes

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25
Q

Plants have chloroplasts because

A

they need to photosynthesise

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26
Q

The function of the chloroplasts are

A

to trap light energy for photosynthesis

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27
Q

Photosynthesis is

A

when plants trap light energy and react carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen

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28
Q

The colour of chlorophyll is

A

green

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29
Q

chlorophyll is found in the

A

chloroplast

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30
Q

cell wall is made of

A

cellulose

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31
Q

To prepare a cell for viewing you need

A

a glass slide, cover slip and a stain

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32
Q

The specimen when viewing under the microscope needs to be thin because

A

it needs to allow light to pass through it

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33
Q

Specialised cells

A

have a specific shape because they have a specific fucnction

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34
Q

A cell becomes a specialised cell because it has d…

A

differentiated

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35
Q

A source of undifferentiated cells are

A

stem cells

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36
Q

Examples of specialised animal cells

A

red blood cells, sperm cells, nerve cell, muscle cell

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37
Q

Examples of specialised plant cells are

A

root hair cell, palisade cells, xylem cell, phloem cell

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38
Q

Sperms are adapted because

A

they have a tail to swim and are packed with mitochondria

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39
Q

Red blood cells are adapted because

A

they have no nucleus so that they can carry more oxygen, They also have haemoglobin which carries the oxygen

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40
Q

Nerve cells are adapted because

A

they are long and insulated for carrying messages all over the body

41
Q

Muscles cells are adapted because they

A

have many mitochondria in order to allow the muscle to contract and relax

42
Q

Root hair cells are adapted because they

A

have a long thin projections which increase their surface area for absorption of water and ions from the soil

43
Q

Xylem cells function is

A

to carry water and dissolved mineral ions around the plant from the roots

44
Q

Plants lose water from their leaves in a process called

A

transpiration

45
Q

Describe how xylem cells are arranged

A

Made of dead cells, organised into tubes and that are hollow. Side walls reinforced with lignin

46
Q

Function of phloem in the plant

A

to carry sugars made in photosynthesis from the leaves all over the plant

47
Q

Describe how phloem cells are arranged

A

Phloem cells are living, contain few organelles and their end walls have small holes in them

48
Q

What term is used to describe how sugar is moved around the plant

A

translocation

49
Q

Magnification is

A

how much bigger the object appears under the microscope

50
Q

How do you calculate total magnification

A

magnification of eye piece lens x magnification of objective lens

51
Q

Why does the specimen have stain placed upon it before covering with a cover-slip?

A

to stain the cell organelles so that we can view it better under the microscope

52
Q

Name the two types of microscopes

A

light and electron microscope

53
Q

Electron microscopes are better than light microscopes because

A

they have a greater magnification and resolution

54
Q

Resolution is

A

the ability to distinguish two points as separate

55
Q

1mm is equal to how many um

A

1000um

56
Q

1m is equal to how many mm

A

1000mm

57
Q

If a cell is actually 60um and the image is 45000um , what is the magnification?

A

45000/60 = x750

58
Q

if a cell is 50um and the image is 25mm what is the magnification?

A

25,000/50 = x500

59
Q

How many nm in 1mm

A

1000,000nm

60
Q

How many um in 1000nm

A

1um

61
Q

cell wall is made of

A

cellulose

62
Q

green pigment in the chloroplast is called

A

chlorophyll

63
Q

Function of the chlorophyll

A

absorb sunlight

64
Q

Prokaryotes like bacteria are

A

single celled organisms

65
Q

Building blocks of life are called

A

cells

66
Q

Bacterial cell and a plant cell BOTH have

A

cell wall, cell membrane and cytoplasm

67
Q

small rings of DNA in a bacterial cell are called

A

plasmids

68
Q

The job of a microscope is to

A

magnify the object

69
Q

Ability to distinguish as 2 points as separate is called

A

resolution

70
Q

electron microscopes use

A

electrons

71
Q

light microscopes use

A

light

72
Q

Electron microscopes are better than light microscopes because…

A

they allow you to see much smaller things in more detail e.g. mitochondria

73
Q

The higher the resolution, what happens to the image?

A

its sharper

74
Q

0.017 written in standard form is

A

1.7 x 10-2

75
Q

12000 written in standard from is

A

1.2 x 104

76
Q

A specimen that is 50um wide is magnified 100x, how much bigger is the specimen now?

A

5000um = 5mm

77
Q

Why should you avoid air bubbles when preparing a glass slide for viewing?

A

obstructs view of specimen

78
Q

What is a specimen?

A

the cells you are looking at

79
Q

Why do you stain the cells you are viewing under a microscope?

A

stains highlight objects within the cell by adding colour to them

80
Q

Muscles are specialised to allow for c…

A

contraction

81
Q

Sperms cells are important for r…

A

reproduction

82
Q

Function of phloem cells

A

to carry sugars around the plant

83
Q

Nerves cells are specialised to …

A

carry electrical impulses around the body

84
Q

Which label shows the chloroplast?

A

E

85
Q

What is B pointing to in the cell?

A

cytoplasm

86
Q

Which part of the cell controls what enters and leaves the cell?

A

A

87
Q

Which label controls the cell activities?

A

C - nucleus

88
Q

Which label gives the plant cell its stength and support and is made of cellulose?

A

D cell wall

89
Q

Which label in the plant cell stores cell sap?

A

F -vacuole

90
Q

Fill in the missing label on the bacterial cell

A

plasmid

91
Q

Filling in the missing word on the formula triangle

A

magnification

92
Q

Filling in the missing word on the formula triangle

A

image size

93
Q

Filling in the missing word on the formula triangle

A

real/actual size

94
Q

name the cell

A

nerve cell

95
Q

name the cell

A

muscle cell

96
Q

name the cell

A

root hair cell

97
Q

Name the cells that make up the tubes on the left

A

Xylem

98
Q

Name the cells that make up the tubes on the right

A

phloem

SHHS - Science - AQA Biology Trilogy (37 decks)

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