Unit 4.2

Question 1

Term that describes a type of anthelmintic that “removes worms” (as opposed to killing them outright)

Answer 1

vermifuge

Question 2

What special molecule in the blood brain barrier keeps ivermectin and other macrolides out of the brain?

Answer 2

P-glycoprotein

Question 3

This large family of older antinematodals includes the “azoles” anthelmintics

Answer 3

benzimidazoles

Question 4

Emodepside belongs to this larger family of antiparasitic drugs

Answer 4

antinematodal

Question 5

Benzimidazole anthelmintic that also has antiinflammatory and antifungal activity and therefore is used in otic medications.

Answer 5

thiabendazole

Question 6

Benzimidazole anthelmintic used in horses, dogs, and livestock; is effective against lungworm and liver flukes; most parasites killed when given for 3 consecutive days but lungworms or flukes need 10-14 consecutive day treatments.

Answer 6

fenbendazole

Question 7

Benzimidazole developed for use in horses only.

Answer 7

oxibendazole

Question 8

Drug that is a pro-drug that metabollizes into fenbendazole and oxfenbendazole for use only in dogs as Drontal-Plus; no livestock formulation approved.

Answer 8

febentel

Question 9

Very safe and effective antinematodal approved for use in all major domestic species; OTC products are very common; effective against ascarids and hookworms but not tapeworms; a component of Heartgard Plus and Drontal

Answer 9

pyrantel

Question 10

New antinematodal for cats; kills parasite by causing inhibition of muscles of locomotion and pharyngeal muscles for eating; topically applies to cats; combined with praziquantel in Profender

Answer 10

emodepside

Question 11

Very safe antinematodal sold exclusively OTC as a “once-a-month” wormer; only effective against ascarids but no other nematodes (not hookworms, whipworms), tapeworms, or protozoa; provides false sense of security to owners who think they have treated their puppy’s worm load.

Answer 11

piperazine

Question 12

Why do drugs like piperazine result in explusion of live, wriggling worms?

Answer 12

The worm’s nervous system is paralyzed, but worm is not killed. Normal peristaltic waves of intestinal tract expels them alive.

Question 13

Why might drugs like emodepside potentially cause an increased risk of toxicity to ivermectin?

Answer 13

It combines with P-glycoprotein and competition with ivermectin can allow increased absorption through GI tract or blood brain barrier.

Question 14

Why might the use of OTC piperazine and pyrantel products give pet owners a “false sense of security” regarding protection against parasites?

Answer 14

They don’t remove all types of worms

Question 15

Why is thiabendazole found in otic preparations?

Answer 15

It has antifungal and antiinflammatory properties