Unit 3.2 Flashcards
This is an enzyme produced by the bacteria that attacks penicillins and cephalosporins.
beta-lactamases
This term means that if a patient has a hypersensitivity reaction to one member of a drug family, the patient is also likely to have a similar reaction to another member of the same drug family.
cross-reactivity
This occurs in the GI tract when orally administered antibiotics kill off “good” bacteria allowing more pathogenic bacteria to proliferate and produce disease.
superinfection or suprainfection
Natural penicillin
penicillin G
Aminopenicillins (2 of them)
ampicillin, amoxicillin
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins (3 of them)
cloxacillin, dicolxacillin, oxacillin
Penicillin that should not be given by mouth because gastric acid inactivates it.
penicillin G
Added to aminopenicillins or other penicillins to make them resistant to the effects of bacterial beta-lactamase (penicillinases)- two compounds
clavulanic acid, sulbactam
What drugs should not be given to guinea pigs, ferrets, hamsters, or rabbits orally because of the potential for severe and possibly fatal suprainfections?
penicillins
Which penicillins are used to treat mastitis in dairy cattle because of the likely presence of beta-lactamase producing bacteria?
cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, oxacillin
What is added to penicillin to extend its absorption for 24 hours?
procaine
What is added to penicillin to extend its absorption for up to 5 days?
benzathine
What form of penicillin can be given safely IV?
aqueous
What beta-lactam antibiotics are classified according to generations?
cephalosporins
What generations are most effective against Gram-negative bacteria?
2nd and 3rd
T or F
The bacteria that most commonly produces beta-lactamase is Streptococci species.
True
T or F
Cephalosporins are a type of beta-lactamase.
False
T or F
Penicillins are most effective in destroying bacteria that have been prevented from dividing and replicating.
False
T or F
Bacteriostatic antibiotics greatly enhance the killing activity of cephalosporin drugs.
False
T or F
As a general rule, most penicillins don’t penetrate the blood brain barrier.
True
T or F
Generally, if an animal is hypersensitive to 1 penicillin, it is likely to cross react with other penicillins.
True
Site of action for this drug:
Penicillins
cell wall
Site of action for this drug:
Cephalosporins
cell wall
What species should penicillin NOT be used in because of severe diarrhea from a suprainfection?
Guinea pigs, ferrets, hamsters, and rabbits
