Unit 3.2

Question 1

This is an enzyme produced by the bacteria that attacks penicillins and cephalosporins.

Answer 1

beta-lactamases

Question 2

This term means that if a patient has a hypersensitivity reaction to one member of a drug family, the patient is also likely to have a similar reaction to another member of the same drug family.

Answer 2

cross-reactivity

Question 3

This occurs in the GI tract when orally administered antibiotics kill off “good” bacteria allowing more pathogenic bacteria to proliferate and produce disease.

Answer 3

superinfection or suprainfection

Question 4

Natural penicillin

Answer 4

penicillin G

Question 5

Aminopenicillins (2 of them)

Answer 5

ampicillin, amoxicillin

Question 6

Penicillinase-resistant penicillins (3 of them)

Answer 6

cloxacillin, dicolxacillin, oxacillin

Question 7

Penicillin that should not be given by mouth because gastric acid inactivates it.

Answer 7

penicillin G

Question 8

Added to aminopenicillins or other penicillins to make them resistant to the effects of bacterial beta-lactamase (penicillinases)- two compounds

Answer 8

clavulanic acid, sulbactam

Question 9

What drugs should not be given to guinea pigs, ferrets, hamsters, or rabbits orally because of the potential for severe and possibly fatal suprainfections?

Answer 9

penicillins

Question 10

Which penicillins are used to treat mastitis in dairy cattle because of the likely presence of beta-lactamase producing bacteria?

Answer 10

cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, oxacillin

Question 11

What is added to penicillin to extend its absorption for 24 hours?

Answer 11

procaine

Question 12

What is added to penicillin to extend its absorption for up to 5 days?

Answer 12

benzathine

Question 13

What form of penicillin can be given safely IV?

Answer 13

aqueous

Question 14

What beta-lactam antibiotics are classified according to generations?

Answer 14

cephalosporins

Question 15

What generations are most effective against Gram-negative bacteria?

Answer 15

2nd and 3rd

Question 16

T or F

The bacteria that most commonly produces beta-lactamase is Streptococci species.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

T or F

Cephalosporins are a type of beta-lactamase.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

T or F

Penicillins are most effective in destroying bacteria that have been prevented from dividing and replicating.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

T or F

Bacteriostatic antibiotics greatly enhance the killing activity of cephalosporin drugs.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

T or F

As a general rule, most penicillins don’t penetrate the blood brain barrier.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

T or F

Generally, if an animal is hypersensitive to 1 penicillin, it is likely to cross react with other penicillins.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Site of action for this drug:

Penicillins

Answer 22

cell wall

Question 23

Site of action for this drug:

Cephalosporins

Answer 23

cell wall

Question 24

What species should penicillin NOT be used in because of severe diarrhea from a suprainfection?

Answer 24

Guinea pigs, ferrets, hamsters, and rabbits

Question 25

What characteristics of penicillins and cephalosporins make them very effective for treating bladder bacterial infections?

Answer 25

They attain higher concentrations in urine than blood.