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Psychosocial > Unit 4- Sexuality 1 > Flashcards

Unit 4- Sexuality 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Dimensions of gender

A

Biological: chromosomal, gonadal, hormonal

Psycho-social: identity (ones sense of being male or female) and role (expectations about the way men and women behave)

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2
Q

Sexual development: prenatal

A
  • begins in utero with bio determinants of male and female
  • sex chromosomes
  • gonads undifferentiated first 7 wks
  • y chromosome carries gene for testicular formation
  • secretion of testosterone determines how internal & external genitalia develop (testosterone: male genitalia develop, absence of test female genitalia)
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3
Q

Sexual development: prenatal

A
  • problems in meiotic cell division in sperm can lead to male w/XX and female w/XY
  • insensitivity to testosterone (absence or insufficient # of receptors)
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4
Q

Sexual development: early childhood

A
  • develop gender ID
  • shaped by psyc factors (modeling)
  • gender typing: acquisition of masculine or feminine fole
  • Social learning (imitation and reinforcement)
  • Gender schema theory (learn concept of male/female, adjust behavior accordingly)
  • Gender constancy (similar to object permanence)
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5
Q

Sexual development: early childhood

A
  • Disability can have significant impact on sex development (diminished sensation, differently formed genitalia)
  • create opportunities for discussion w/parents at key pts
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6
Q

Sexual development: later childhood/adolescence

A
  • hormonal & social change
  • increasing independence
  • pub closely linked to development of body image & self concept
  • adolescents w/visible disability need add’l support
  • sex ed important- potential for abuse
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7
Q

Sex development: early adulthood

A
  • dev of effective interpersonal skills & mature relationships
  • differing views of cohabitation
  • dev disabilities can have ne affecct on sexual dev w/fears and inhibitions on forming intimate relationships
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8
Q

Sexual development: middle adulthood

A
  • most adults have est careers & families
  • men vulnerable to midlife crisis
  • women enter menopause 45-55
  • onset of disabilities may complicate midlife challenges
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9
Q

sexual development: older adults

A
  • face changes w/retirement and id confusion
  • may decline in physical and mental functions
  • face myths
  • age doesn’t eliminate desire or ability
  • declining heath main problem w/reduced sex activity
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10
Q

Health Sexuality

A

3 conditions:

  • ability to enjoy control personal sexual behaviors
  • freedom from psychological problems (shame guilt, false beliefs, that neg affect sex relationships)
  • freedom from illnesses, disease and impairment that interfere w/physical aspects of sex
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11
Q

Sexual dysfunction

A

persistent inability to perform normal in some area of the human sexual response cycle
-as many as 31% of men and 43% of women in US suffer this

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12
Q

Disorders of desire

A

-desire phase: an urge to have sex, sexual fantasies, and sexual attraction to others
-hypoactive: lack of interest, physical response may be normal, 16% of men and 33% of women
-Sexual aversion disorder
(characterized by disgust of sex, sexual advances may sicken, repulse, or frighten)
-Appears rate in men and more common in women

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13
Q

Disorder of desire

A
  • Biological causes: abnormalities in hormone activity- prolactin, testosterone, and estrogen. Some chronic illnesses, medications, psychotropic drugs, and a # of illegal drugs
  • Psychological causes: increases anxiety or anger. Fears, attitudes, and memories may contribute to sexual dysfunctions, some psychological disorders lead to desire disorders
  • Sociocultural causes: cultural/moral/religion standards can impact the development of these disorders
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14
Q

Disorder of Excitement

A
  • excitement phase of the sexual response cycle
  • marked by change in the pelvic region, general physical arousal, increase in heart rate, muscle tension, blood pressure, and rate of breathing. (men- erection, women- clitoral swelling and vaginal lub)
  • Two dysfunctions affect this phase. female sexual arousal disorder, male erectile disorder.
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15
Q

Effects of illness on sexuality

A
  • illness may influence one’s sexuality in many different& diverse ways
  • it is important for health care practitioners to be aware
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16
Q

Clinical interventions

A
  • health care providers need to be aware of own biases, beliefs and needs for additional sex ed
  • many practitioners fail to discuss sexuality w/clients b/c of own embarrassment or lack of knowledge
  • accurate practitioner knowledge is associated w/ more positive attitudes about sexuality
17
Q

Sexuality and SCI

A
  • The human sexual response is a total body response
  • It is commonly reported that many individuals with SCI actually experience orgasm, although it is a different type than they experienced prior to injury.
18
Q

Sexuality & SCI

A

Sexuality is affected more w/SCI than w/any other disease or pathology
-There are 2 centers for erection w/in the spinal cord: -psychogenic (T11-L2) mental arousal. -Reflexogenic (s2-4) local arousal reflex w/sensory motor feedback loop. -Ejaculation is mediated by both the SNS (T11-L2) and the PNS (S2-4)

19
Q

Sexuality and SCI - men

A
  • For levels above the cauda equina the ability to achieve and sustain an erection is generally maintained with local stimulation
  • ejaculation is more rare and fertility is a problem
20
Q

Sexuality and SCI- women

A
  • the female sexual cycle is similar to the man thus lubrication, engorgement and contraction components of the sexual response cycle are absent. Less obvious
  • Immediately after a traumatic SCI a women’s menses may be halted but will return within 6 months generally.
  • Fertility unaffected
  • Labor & delivery present, but cesarean birth not necessary since the uterus is an involuntary muscle capable of contracting
21
Q

Drugs may interfere with sexual function

A
  • sexual arousal is mediated by the PNS and orgasm by the SNS
  • There are many drugs wich may interfere w/ autonomic nervous system function & which may cause sexual dysfunction.

Psychosocial (21 decks)

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