Unit 3- Disablement and Quality of Life Issues Flashcards
of disabled in US
54.4 million
Medical Model
- Disability is an attributed of a person
- Caused by disease, trauma, or health condition
- Requires intervention (by professional) to correct or compensate for the problem
Social Model
- Disability is a socially created problem
- Caused by accommodating or inflexible environment, brought about by attitudes or features of social environment
- Requires political response or solution
Biopsychosocial Model
- Disability is a consequence of biological, personal, and social forces
- interactions among these factors result in disablement
- dominant perspective behind contemporary disablement frameworks today
Conceptual approaches to disability
- medical model
- social model
- biopsycosocial model
Two contemporary disablement frameworks
- diablement model (by S. Nagi)
- International classification of functioning, disability and health (icf)
Nagi’s disablement model
- 4 distinct by related phenomena basic to rehabilitation
- Terminology selected for prior APTA guide to practice
Disablement
Refers to various impacts of chronic and acute conditions on the functioning of specific body systems, on basic human performance, and on a people’s functioning in necessary, usual, expected, and personally desired roles in society
Disablement Model
- delineates consequences of disease and injury both at the level of the persona nd at the level of society
- the model provides the conceptual basis of all elements of patient management that are provided by PTs
2001 WHO international classification of functioning, disability, and health (IFC)
- WHO revised its original version
- 3 broad components: body functions and structure, activities and participation, and severity and environmental factors.
- now also incorporates social factors
Health condition
term for disease, disorder, injury or trauma and may also include other circumstances (stress, aging, congenital anomaly, genetic predisposition)
Body Function
Physiological functions of body systems (including psychological functioning)
Body Structure
Anatomical parts of the body, such as organs, limbs, and their components
Impairments
problems in the body functions or structure, such as a significant deviation or loss
Contextual factors
Personal and environmental
personal factors
particular background of and individual’s life, including demographics, coping style, profession. experience, behavior patterns, character and other factors that influence how disability is experienced
Environmental Factors
The physical, social, and attitudinal environment in which people live and conduct their lives, including social attitudes, architectural characteristics, and legal and social structures
Participation
involvement in a life situation
Participation restriction
problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations
Activity
the execution of a task or action by an individual
Activity limitation
difficulties an individual may have in executing activities
activity limitations involve
activities of daily living (ADLs) and instumental activities of daily living (IADL)
Developmental disabilities
- Sever, chronic- originating at birth or during childhood
- expected to continue indefinitely
- substantially restricts functioning in 3 or more areas of major life activities
Areas of major life activities
- self care
- receptive or expressive language
- learning disability
- mobility
- self direction
- capacity for independent living
- economic self sufficiency
Sudden onset disabilities
- disrupts virtually every aspect of a person’s life and future
- acceptance and adjustment vary depending on many factors
- impact of responses of significant others (stroke, amputation, spinal cord injury, TBI)
Quality of life
- Is a subjective concept based on how we view the world and ourselves in it
- is closely related to one’s own perception of health either good or bad
- health care providers can help provide a change in the patients perspective
Self regulation model of illness (SRML)
- The common sense model of illness representation
- Howard Leventhal
- Stage 1- interpretation (symptom perception, social messages)
- stage 2- coping
