Unit 4: Protein and Amino Acids: Muscle Builders and More

Question 1

Protein

Answer 1

An essential part of the diet and plays many roles in the body and its roles are primarily structural but can be used by the body
for energy during intensive exercise or when nutrition is inadequate.

Question 2

Ammonia

Answer 2

A toxic metabolic waste product.

Question 3

Uric Acid

Answer 3

A toxic metabolic waste product.

Question 4

Polypeptide

Answer 4

Four or more amino acids linked together.

Question 5

Branched Chain Amino Acids

Answer 5

A special group of amino acids that can be used for energy and are required in extra amounts.

Question 6

Amino Acids

Answer 6

These are essential building blocks for growth, recovery, and production of many proteins occurring in the body.

Question 7

Collagen

Answer 7

A chief component of connective tissue making up one third of the body protein content.

Question 8

Urea Cycle

Answer 8

The metabolic process in which ammonia is converted to the waste product urea, which is then excreted from the body.

Question 9

Hormone

Answer 9

One of the numerous substances produced by the endocrine glands that regulate bodily functions.

Question 10

DNA

Answer 10

The substance in the cell nucleus that contains the cell’s genetic blueprint and determines the type of life form into which the cell will develop.

Question 11

Connective Tissue

Answer 11

Tissue that either supports other tissue or joins tissue to tissue, muscle to bone, or bone to bone.

Question 12

Lipoprotein

Answer 12

A compound made up of fat and protein that carries fats and fat-like substances, such as cholesterol, in the blood.

Question 13

Cell Membrane

Answer 13

The outer boundary of a cell that we also call the plasma membrane.

Question 14

Hemoglobin

Answer 14

The oxygen carrier in red blood cells.

Question 15

RNA

Answer 15

The substance that carries the coded genetic information from the deoxyribonucleic acid, in the cell nucleus, to the ribosomes, where the instructions are translated into the form of protein molecules.

Question 16

The place in the cell where translation takes place

Answer 16

Cytoplasm

Question 17

Essential Amino Acids

Answer 17

L-Histidine 
L-Isoleucine 
L-Leucine 
L-Lysine
L or DL-Methionine
L or DL-Phenylalanine 
L-Threonine 
L-Tryptophan 
L-Valine

Question 18

Limiting Nutrient

Answer 18

A nutrient that has the ability, through its absence or presence, to restrict the utilization of other nutrients or the functioning of the body.

Question 19

Catabolism

Answer 19

Breaking down compounds and components

Question 20

Anabolism

Answer 20

Building up products and compounds from smaller things

Question 21

Complete Proteins

Answer 21

A protein that contains the essential amino acids in amounts that are sufficient for the maintenance of normal growth rate and body weight.

Question 22

Incomplete Proteins

Answer 22

A protein that is usually deficient in one or more of the essential amino acids.

Question 23

Protein Efficiency Ratio

Answer 23

A method of finding the quality of a protein where we refer to the weight gained versus the amount of protein ingested.

Question 24

Net Protein Utilization

Answer 24

A way of determining the digestibility of a protein by measuring the percentage of nitrogen that is absorbed from a protein’s amino acids.

Question 25

Biological Value Formula

Answer 25

BV = nitrogen retained divided by nitrogen absorbed x 100

Question 26

Cannibalization

Answer 26

The breakdown of muscle tissue by the body for the purpose of obtaining amino acids for other metabolic purposes and may also include other body tissues.

Question 27

Free Form Amino Acids

Answer 27

Amino acids that are in their free state, or single.

Question 28

Di-peptides

Answer 28

Two amino acids linked together.

Question 29

Tri-peptides

Answer 29

Three amino acids linked together.

Question 30

Hydrolyzed Proteins

Answer 30

A protein that has already been broken down, usually by enzymes, and is a mixture of free-form, di-peptide, and tri-peptide amino acids.

Question 31

Coenzyme

Answer 31

An enzyme cofactor.

Question 32

Precursor

Answer 32

An intermediate substance in the body’s production of another substance.

Question 33

Intracellular

Answer 33

Inside the cell.

Question 34

Extracellular

Answer 34

Outside the cell.

Question 35

Calories in one gram of protein

Answer 35

4 calories

Question 36

Adipose Tissue

Answer 36

Fat tissues in the body.

Question 37

Hyaluronic Acid

Answer 37

A polysaccharide molecule which is one of the chief components of connective tissue, forming a gelatinous matrix that surrounds cells.