Unit 3: Carbohydrates: The Ultimate Performance Food

Question 1

Glycogen

Answer 1

A complex carbohydrate that occurs only in animals; the form in which glucose is stored in the body.

Question 2

Insulin

Answer 2

A hormone made by the pancreas, insulin helps move glucose (sugar) from the blood to muscles and other tissues. Insulin controls blood sugar levels.

Question 3

The main energy source for athletic activities

Answer 3

Carbohydrates

Question 4

Cofactor

Answer 4

A substance that must be present for another substance to be able to perform a certain function.

Question 5

Disaccharide

Answer 5

A simple carbohydrate composed of two sugar molecules.

Question 6

Polysaccharide

Answer 6

A complex carbohydrate.

Question 7

Monosaccharides

Answer 7

Carbohydrates consist of one sugar unit.

Question 8

Sugar

Answer 8

A catchall term that refers to various types of carbohydrates.

Question 9

Main Monosaccharides in foods

Answer 9

Glucose and Fructose

Question 10

High Intensity Sweeteners

Answer 10

Ingredients commonly used

as sugar substitutes or sugar alternatives to sweeten and enhance the flavor of foods and beverages.

Question 11

Oligosaccharides

Answer 11

Complex carbohydrates containing 3 to 10 sugar units.

Question 12

Polysaccharides

Answer 12

Polysaccharides are

complex carbohydrates that have 10 or more monosaccharide molecules linked together.

Question 13

Fiber

Answer 13

The carbohydrates (also lignins, a type of complex organic polymers) that are not digested and not absorbed in the small intestine.

Question 14

Dietary Fiber

Answer 14

Non-digestible carbohydrates and lignin that are intrinsic and intact in plants.

Question 15

Soluble Fiber

Answer 15

Fiber that dissolves in water to form a thick gel-like substance in the stomach

Question 16

Insoluble Fiber

Answer 16

Fiber that does not dissolve in water and passes through the gastrointestinal tract relatively intact and, therefore, is not a source of calories.

Question 17

Functional Fiber

Answer 17

Non-digestible carbohydrates that have beneficial physiological effects in humans.

Question 18

Total Fiber

Answer 18

The sum of dietary fiber and functional fiber.

Question 19

Cellulose

Answer 19

A nondigestible polysaccharide consisting of glucose molecules linked together with a special bond.

Question 20

The main structural compound of plant cells

Answer 20

Cellulose

Question 21

Chitin

Answer 21

Chitin is one of the most common natural polymers. Chitin is present in the group of animals called arthropods.

Question 22

Chitosan

Answer 22

This occurs naturally and is produced commercially from chitin using a simple manufacturing process.

Question 23

Beta-Glucans

Answer 23

β-glucans are polysaccharides of branched glucose resides.

Question 24

Fructo-oligosaccharides

Answer 24

Polymers of fructose and they can contain a terminal molecule of glucose at the end of their chains.

Question 25

Gums

Answer 25

A diverse group of polysaccharides that typically derived from seeds for commercial applications.

Question 26

Hemicellulose

Answer 26

A group of polysaccharides found in plant cell walls.

Question 27

Pectins

Answer 27

These are found in the cell wall and intracellular tissues of many fruits and berries. Pectins consist of galacturonic acid units with rhamnose interspersed in linear chains.

Question 28

Prebiotics

Answer 28

A term used in relation to probiotics, the live microorganisms in the digestive tract that have beneficial effects.

Question 29

Glycemic Index

Answer 29

A method used to group carbohydrate foods based on their effect on blood glucose levels.

Question 30

The base molecule/food in the glycemic Index that equals 100%

Answer 30

Glucose

Question 31

Glycemic Load

Answer 31

How fast a food will raise the levels of blood sugar.

Question 32

Glycogen Sparing

Answer 32

The saving of glycogen by the body for other functions.

Question 33

Carbohydrates

Answer 33

A diverse group of macronutrients that contribute a major source of high-yielding energy for athletic performance.