Unit 15: Calorie Needs and Metabolism Flashcards
Calorie, or kilocalorie
The terminology used to represent how much heat-yielding potential there is contained in a food’s contents.
Metabolic Rate
The rate of the body’s energy expenditure.
Basal Metabolic Rate
The rate at which the body expends energy for maintenance activities, such as keeping the body alive, organ function, and so on.
BMR calculation for men
1 X Body weight in kilograms X 24 hours
BMR calculation for women
0.9 X Body weight in kilograms X 24
MET
Metabolic equivalent is a term used related to energy. equivalent to a metabolic rate of consuming 3.5 mL O2/kg/ minute, the rate of energy expenditure at rest.
Homeostasis
The processes that maintain a constant internal body environment.
Catabolism
The chemical reactions that break down complex biomolecules into simpler ones for energy production.
Anti-Catabolic
Describing a substance that prevents catabolism.
Metabolic Pathway
A sequence of metabolic reactions.
Metabolic Set Point
The average rate at which your metabolism runs and will result in a body composition set point.
Respiratory Quotient
A measure of the
ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide expired to the volume of oxygen consumed.
RQ formula
Volume of CO2 expired/ volume of O2 utilized.
RQ for carbs
1.0
RQ for fat
0.7
RQ for protein
0.8, but usually this measure is from using a mix of carbs and fats.
VO2 Max
The maximum rate at which oxygen can be consumed.
Energy Metabolism
A series of chemical reactions that result in the breakdown of foodstuffs by which energy is produced, used, and given off as heat.
Strength-Power
Energy from immediate ATP stores. Shot put, power lift, high jump, golf swing, tennis serve, and throwing. About 0–3 seconds of all-out effort.
Sustained-Power
Energy from immediate ATP and CP stores. Sprints, fast breaks, football line man. About 0–10 seconds of near maximum effort.
Anaerobic Power-Endurance
ATP, CP, and Lactic Acid. A 200–400 meter dash, 100-yard swim. About one to two minutes.
Aerobic Endurance
Aerobic oxidative energy. Over two-minute events.
ATP
The molecule that stores energy in a form that can be used for muscle contractions.
Creatine Phosphate
Serves to instantaneously regenerate ATP molecules.
Glycolysis
The metabolic process that creates energy via splitting a molecule of glucose to form either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and produce some ATP molecules.
Krebs Cycle
This is part of the oxidative portion of energy production where carbon chains from the breakdown of glucose, fatty acids, and protein are used for more ATP production.
Glycogenolysis
The Cell Breakdown of Stored Glycogen for use as energy.
Oxidative Pathways
The systems that supply energy for low-intensity, high- duration activities lasting more than approximately three or four minutes, such as marathon running and aerobic dance.
Glycogen Replenishment
The refilling of the body’s glycogen stores.
Glycogen Depletion
The draining of the body’s glycogen stores.
