Unit 4: lower limb Flashcards
the opening in the fascia lata
saphenous opening
thick part of fascia lata
iliotibial tract
Deep fascia froms septa that divide to
compartments and extensor retinaculum
Iliotibial band inserts
gerdys tubercle
Small saphenous
rise halfway up then goes deep, originate from dorsal venous arch; begins at lateral mediolis, cural nerve
Great saphenous
at knee medial to patella, passes anterior to the medial malleolus
clinical importance of gsv
if valves become weak, vein stretches, backflow of blood, varicose veins
perforating veins job
conduct blood to deeper vessels, so muscles can help push blood back
accessory saphenous
from ssv united with another vein
Deep veins
accompany all arteries, paired, contain vascular sheath (to help push blood back), named for vessel
Femoral vein
starts medial* to artery, goes through femoral sheath, retroinguinal space, becomes external iliac
Retroinguinal space
vessels, muscles, and nerves enter and exit; formed by abominal fascia and inguinal ligament, divided into muscle and vascular compartment
empty canal next to vessels
femoral canal allows vessels a place to expand
3 compartments of the femoral sheath
lateral, femoral artery; intermediate, femoral vein; medial, space filled areolar tissue lymph nodes
adductor canal
where sartorius muscle crosses over adductor longus muscle, vein lying posterior to the artery
where the femoral artery and vein leave adductor canal
adductor canal
popliteal vessels
as soon as femoral passes arch
plantar veins
fromthe bottom of the foot form the fibular and posterior tibial veins
perforating vessels
from saphenous veins form the anterior tibial vein in the anterior leg, from the thigh form deep veins which joins the femoral veins in the triangle
big toe drains
dorsal venal arch then GSV and femoral
little to drains
from dorsal arch to SSV, to popliteal to femoral
Compartment syndrome
Fascical compartments are closed spaces, sustained intense use, blunt trauma, burns can lead to edema; pressure rise to point where small nerves and blood vessels are compressed and blood flow pulses are diminished
major arteries of thigh
femoral, deep artery of thigh, obturator, medial and lateral circumflex humoral
circumflex arteries
keep head of femur alive
major arteries of the leg
popliteal and gericular, anterior tibial, fibular, dorasal artery of the foot, lateral plantar
anterior tibial
comes of tibial artery, peirces interosseous and supplies anterior
lymphatic drainage
2 levels, superficial drains superficial tissue (GSV, SSV) end in popliteal nodes then drain into the deep inguinal nodes, and deep that accompany the vessels ending in deep inguinal then external iliac, then common iliac
cutaneous nerves of lower limb
nerves supplying skin of LL originate from the lumbar and sacral plexus from L1-S3; anterior and posterior branches of femoral supply greatest area
saphanous nerve
anteriomedial area
which part of the thigh is supplied by l2-l3
the anterior thigh
Sacral nerves supply
the back of the thigh
anterior compartment of the thigh
contains flexors of hip and extensors of the knee, pectineus, iliosoas, sartoeus, quads
iliopsoas
chief flexor of thigh, iliacus andpsoas, lumbar vertebrae, iliac fossa, lesser trochantor, flexes trunk and hip
Pectineus
flat quadrangular muscle on superiomedial thigh, superior ramus of pumic to pectineal line…
iliopsoas
chief flexor of thigh, iliacus andpsoas, lumbar vertebrae, iliac fossa, lesser trochantor, …
sartorius
Asia, medial surface, mostly synergists
rectus femoris
AIIS, Extends leg at knee joint and steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh, femoral nerve
vastus lateralis
lateral femur, extend leg at knee joint, femoral nerve
vastus medialis
Medial femur, extend leg at knee joint, femoral nerve
the muscles the have separate innnervation
pectineus (obturator), abductor magnus (branch of..)
quadriceps femoris
4 parts, 3 act on knee, 1 on knee and hip; most important when rising from sitting and walking upstairs*
Adductor brevis
Lies deep to pectineus and adductor longus but anterior to add magnus; O: inferior ramus of pubis I: Superior linea aspira A: Adducts thigh
vastus medialis
…
What is consistant with femoral nerve
walking up stairs, high kick, sitting down
Hamstring part of adductor magnus
O: ischial, I lengh of linea aspira and medial supercondylar line, A: extends thigh
Medial compartment
adductor of thigh, stabilize stance and correct lateral sway of trunk, originate at anterioinferior surface of pelvis, insert on linea aspira of femur
parts of medial compartment
adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilius, obturator externus
adductor longus
most anteroiorly placed, O: pubis just inferior to pubic tubercle, I: linea aspira anterior to add brevis and add magnus, A: adducts thigh
Adductor brevis
Lies deep to pectineus and adductor….
posterior thigh contains
Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps femoris
Adductor magnus
largest and most posteriorly; has adductor and hamstring part that differ in actions and innervation
adductor part of adductor magnus
O inferior ramus of pubis, I length of linea aspira and medial supercondular line, adducts thigh, flexes thigh
Hamstring part of adductor magnus
O: ischial, I lengh of linea aspira and medial supercondylar ridge….
Gracilis
most superficial and medially placed, crosses both hip and knee, stabilizer; o: inferior ramus of pubis, I: pes anserinus on medial tibia, A: adducts thigh flexes leg, medially rotates
Pes anserinus
sartorieus, gracils, semitendinosus insert at medial face of tibia
obturator externus
one of two muscles that sandwich the obturator foramin; O: margin of obturator foramen and membrane, I: posterior aspect of greater trochanter, A: laterally rotates thigh, steadies head of femur at acetabulum
Posterior thigh
Extensors of hip and flexor of knee, originate from iscial tuberosity
posterior thigh contains
…
Semitendinosis
O: ischial tuberosity, I: medial surface of tibia, A: extend thigh, flex leg, rotate medially, extend trunk
Biceps femoris
O: long head, ischial tuberosity, short head,
deep fascia of the leg is called
fascia lata
