Unit 4: lower limb

Question 1

the opening in the fascia lata

Answer 1

saphenous opening

Question 2

thick part of fascia lata

Answer 2

iliotibial tract

Question 3

Deep fascia froms septa that divide to

Answer 3

compartments and extensor retinaculum

Question 4

Iliotibial band inserts

Answer 4

gerdys tubercle

Question 5

Small saphenous

Answer 5

rise halfway up then goes deep, originate from dorsal venous arch; begins at lateral mediolis, cural nerve

Question 6

Great saphenous

Answer 6

at knee medial to patella, passes anterior to the medial malleolus

Question 7

clinical importance of gsv

Answer 7

if valves become weak, vein stretches, backflow of blood, varicose veins

Question 8

perforating veins job

Answer 8

conduct blood to deeper vessels, so muscles can help push blood back

Question 9

accessory saphenous

Answer 9

from ssv united with another vein

Question 10

Deep veins

Answer 10

accompany all arteries, paired, contain vascular sheath (to help push blood back), named for vessel

Question 11

Femoral vein

Answer 11

starts medial* to artery, goes through femoral sheath, retroinguinal space, becomes external iliac

Question 12

Retroinguinal space

Answer 12

vessels, muscles, and nerves enter and exit; formed by abominal fascia and inguinal ligament, divided into muscle and vascular compartment

Question 13

empty canal next to vessels

Answer 13

femoral canal allows vessels a place to expand

Question 14

3 compartments of the femoral sheath

Answer 14

lateral, femoral artery; intermediate, femoral vein; medial, space filled areolar tissue lymph nodes

Question 15

adductor canal

Answer 15

where sartorius muscle crosses over adductor longus muscle, vein lying posterior to the artery

Question 16

where the femoral artery and vein leave adductor canal

Answer 16

adductor canal

Question 17

popliteal vessels

Answer 17

as soon as femoral passes arch

Question 18

plantar veins

Answer 18

fromthe bottom of the foot form the fibular and posterior tibial veins

Question 19

perforating vessels

Answer 19

from saphenous veins form the anterior tibial vein in the anterior leg, from the thigh form deep veins which joins the femoral veins in the triangle

Question 20

big toe drains

Answer 20

dorsal venal arch then GSV and femoral

Question 21

little to drains

Answer 21

from dorsal arch to SSV, to popliteal to femoral

Question 22

Compartment syndrome

Answer 22

Fascical compartments are closed spaces, sustained intense use, blunt trauma, burns can lead to edema; pressure rise to point where small nerves and blood vessels are compressed and blood flow pulses are diminished

Question 23

major arteries of thigh

Answer 23

femoral, deep artery of thigh, obturator, medial and lateral circumflex humoral

Question 24

circumflex arteries

Answer 24

keep head of femur alive

Question 25

major arteries of the leg

Answer 25

popliteal and gericular, anterior tibial, fibular, dorasal artery of the foot, lateral plantar

Question 26

anterior tibial

Answer 26

comes of tibial artery, peirces interosseous and supplies anterior

Question 27

lymphatic drainage

Answer 27

2 levels, superficial drains superficial tissue (GSV, SSV) end in popliteal nodes then drain into the deep inguinal nodes, and deep that accompany the vessels ending in deep inguinal then external iliac, then common iliac

Question 28

cutaneous nerves of lower limb

Answer 28

nerves supplying skin of LL originate from the lumbar and sacral plexus from L1-S3; anterior and posterior branches of femoral supply greatest area

Question 29

saphanous nerve

Answer 29

anteriomedial area

Question 30

which part of the thigh is supplied by l2-l3

Answer 30

the anterior thigh

Question 31

Sacral nerves supply

Answer 31

the back of the thigh

Question 32

anterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 32

contains flexors of hip and extensors of the knee, pectineus, iliosoas, sartoeus, quads

Question 33

iliopsoas

Answer 33

chief flexor of thigh, iliacus andpsoas, lumbar vertebrae, iliac fossa, lesser trochantor, flexes trunk and hip

Question 34

Pectineus

Answer 34

flat quadrangular muscle on superiomedial thigh, superior ramus of pumic to pectineal line...

Question 35

iliopsoas

Answer 35

chief flexor of thigh, iliacus andpsoas, lumbar vertebrae, iliac fossa, lesser trochantor, ...

Question 36

sartorius

Answer 36

Asia, medial surface, mostly synergists

Question 37

rectus femoris

Answer 37

AIIS, Extends leg at knee joint and steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh, femoral nerve

Question 38

vastus lateralis

Answer 38

lateral femur, extend leg at knee joint, femoral nerve

Question 39

vastus medialis

Answer 39

Medial femur, extend leg at knee joint, femoral nerve

Question 40

the muscles the have separate innnervation

Answer 40

pectineus (obturator), abductor magnus (branch of..)

Question 41

quadriceps femoris

Answer 41

4 parts, 3 act on knee, 1 on knee and hip; most important when rising from sitting and walking upstairs*

Question 42

Adductor brevis

Answer 42

Lies deep to pectineus and adductor longus but anterior to add magnus; O: inferior ramus of pubis I: Superior linea aspira A: Adducts thigh

Question 43

vastus medialis

Answer 43

...

Question 44

What is consistant with femoral nerve

Answer 44

walking up stairs, high kick, sitting down

Question 45

Hamstring part of adductor magnus

Answer 45

O: ischial, I lengh of linea aspira and medial supercondylar line, A: extends thigh

Question 46

Medial compartment

Answer 46

adductor of thigh, stabilize stance and correct lateral sway of trunk, originate at anterioinferior surface of pelvis, insert on linea aspira of femur

Question 47

parts of medial compartment

Answer 47

adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilius, obturator externus

Question 48

adductor longus

Answer 48

most anteroiorly placed, O: pubis just inferior to pubic tubercle, I: linea aspira anterior to add brevis and add magnus, A: adducts thigh

Question 49

Adductor brevis

Answer 49

Lies deep to pectineus and adductor....

Question 50

posterior thigh contains

Answer 50

Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Biceps femoris

Question 51

Adductor magnus

Answer 51

largest and most posteriorly; has adductor and hamstring part that differ in actions and innervation

Question 52

adductor part of adductor magnus

Answer 52

O inferior ramus of pubis, I length of linea aspira and medial supercondular line, adducts thigh, flexes thigh

Question 53

Hamstring part of adductor magnus

Answer 53

O: ischial, I lengh of linea aspira and medial supercondylar ridge....

Question 54

Gracilis

Answer 54

most superficial and medially placed, crosses both hip and knee, stabilizer; o: inferior ramus of pubis, I: pes anserinus on medial tibia, A: adducts thigh flexes leg, medially rotates

Question 55

Pes anserinus

Answer 55

sartorieus, gracils, semitendinosus insert at medial face of tibia

Question 56

obturator externus

Answer 56

one of two muscles that sandwich the obturator foramin; O: margin of obturator foramen and membrane, I: posterior aspect of greater trochanter, A: laterally rotates thigh, steadies head of femur at acetabulum

Question 57

Posterior thigh

Answer 57

Extensors of hip and flexor of knee, originate from iscial tuberosity

Question 58

posterior thigh contains

Answer 58

...

Question 59

Semitendinosis

Answer 59

O: ischial tuberosity, I: medial surface of tibia, A: extend thigh, flex leg, rotate medially, extend trunk

Question 60

Biceps femoris

Answer 60

O: long head, ischial tuberosity, short head,

Question 61

deep fascia of the leg is called

Answer 61

fascia lata