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Anatomy > Unit 3: skull and brain > Flashcards

Unit 3: skull and brain Flashcards

0
Q

Brain stem

A

regulates autonomic functions, eye and auditory reflexes contains midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

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1
Q

reticular activating system

A

on/off switch for consciousness

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2
Q

cerebellum

A

large brain mass lying posterior to BS and inferior to cerebrum, coordination and modulation of complex movements

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3
Q

Midbrain CN

A

III and IV

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4
Q

pons CN

A

V, VI, VII, VIII

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5
Q

cerebellum effect on movement

A

doesnt generate any movement by itself, but fine tones everything, like eating a brownie in class, damage in cerebellum disrupts this

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6
Q

Medulla oblongata CN

A

CN IX, X, XI, XII

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7
Q

Dysarthria

A

disruption in speak

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8
Q

nystagmus

A

disruption in eye movement

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9
Q

Midline lesion of cerebellum

A

loss of postural control

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10
Q

distal lesion on cerebellum

A

effect function of arms and legs

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11
Q

Cerebellar lesions tends to be

A

ipsilateral, if on right side it will effect right arm

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12
Q

ventricles

A

protective function and clean up rubbish, supports and buffers brain against sudden movement, tightly regulated

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14
Q

Number of ventricles

A

2 lateral (cerebral hemispheres) and 2 midsaggital (diencephalon and anterior to cerebelum

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15
Q

choroid plexus

A

colored network of vessels, produces spinal fluid; leave brain behind inferior portion of cerebellum

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16
Q

lateral ventricle

A

in each hemisphere, separated by septum pellucidium

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16
Q

midsaggital ventricle

A

3rd-diencephalon, intraventricular foramen communicates with lateral ventricles; 4th inferior to cerebellum and into BS

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17
Q

cerebral aquiduct

A

runs through midbrain and communicates with 3rd and 4th ventricle, contains CSF

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18
Q

ependynmal cells

A

work in conjuction with capilaries to mak efluid

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19
Q

partial blindness

A

occipital

20
Q

CSF circulation

A

choroid plexuses-> ventricular system-> medial&lateral aperatures-> subarachnoid space->circulation-> arachnoid granulations- dural venous sinuses

21
Q

difficulty remembering words

A

parietal

22
Q

clear fluid from nose

A

temporal bone let fluid escape from dura letting csf escape

23
Q

unsteady gait but no sensory loss

A

cerebullum

24
Q

nystagmus

A

pons, midbrain

25
Q

blood supply arteries

A

thin walls, no vasa vasora, no int elastic lamina, thin tunica media, prone to hypertension

27
Q

function of blood supply

A

collateral circulation route-> safegaurd against ischemia, equalize blood flow

28
Q

veins of brain

A

no muscle no valves, do no follow arteries, open into sinuses

28
Q

circle of willis

A

anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, posterior communicating and posterior cerebral

29
Q

internal carotid

A

circle of willis, enters through temporal bone, courses anteriorly through cavernous sinus, forms middle cerebral arteries, supplies later side of hemisphere

30
Q

middle cerebral supplies

A

lateral side of hemisphere

31
Q

posterior cerrebral supplies

A

inferior part and posterior

32
Q

anterior cerebral supplies

A

the limbic lobe, the portion just midial, between hemispheres

33
Q

anterior communicating

A

connects two anterior branches

34
Q

vertebral artery

A

originates from subclavian, courses through transverse foramina and foramen magnum; terminates and supplies posterior cerebral artery

35
Q

types of stroke

A

ischemic stroke (90%, 70% effect vertebral artery); blood is very toxic to brain tissue; hemorrhagic stokes result in death (10%)

36
Q

What part of the body is most likely affected in stroke?

A

Face, motor and sensory

37
Q

weakest point of skull

A

frontal parietal temporal and sphenoid; pteryon: due to process of birth, it is a lap suture, easy to rupture

39
Q

lies under pteryon

A

middle meningeal artery, receives blood from everything in skull; fracture may result in blood pushing brain medially, difficulty in speech, nystagmus etc

40
Q

Cerebrum

A

main integration center includes hemispheres, basal ganglia

41
Q

Hemispheres

A

highest integration functions speech, motor, emotion, memory

42
Q

Basal ganglia

A

procedural learning of habits, moderates movement

43
Q

5 lobes of cerebrum

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, insula

44
Q

Werneke’s

A

if damaged causes nonsensical language

45
Q

Brocas

A

motor control of speech

46
Q

Diencephalon

A

central core of brain

47
Q

Thalamus

A

relay and filter

48
Q

epithalamus

A

links limbic system and circadian rhythms

49
Q

hypothalamus

A

link to endocrine

Anatomy (15 decks)

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