Unit 3: Pain and Pathways

Question 1

Fast pain

Answer 1

Spinothalamic, initial and immediate sharp sensation

Question 2

Slow pain

Answer 2

Spinolimbic, dull throbbing ache following fast pain that is not well localized

Question 3

Fast pain pathway

Answer 3

neurons bring info to dorsal horn, cross midline go to thalamus, thalamus to cerebral cortex via VPL

Question 4

Facial pain pathway

Answer 4

fast pain travels to trigeminal, to pons down to spinal nucleus, crosses and ascends trigeminal lemniscus to thalamus, to cortex

Question 5

Arrangement of facial pain pathway can lead to?

Answer 5

crossed analgesia

Question 6

Lesion cerebrum, midbrain and pons causes

Answer 6

Contralateral paralysis

Question 7

Medial pain system

Answer 7

divergent ascending network of neurons, uses several pathways, not like fast pain

Question 8

Activity of medial pain system elicits?

Answer 8

affective, motivational, witdrawal, arousal, and autonomic responses

Question 9

Spinolimbic tract perceives

Answer 9

Pain

Question 10

Which tracts are involved with arousal, motivation, reflexes, control of sensory?

Answer 10

Spinoreticular, spinomesecephalic

Question 11

Spinomesencephalic tract

Answer 11

Involved with visual auditory reflex, carries pain info to superior colliculus and periaqueductal gray matter

Question 12

Periaqueducatl gray matter is part of?

Answer 12

Descending pain control system

Question 13

Periaqueducatl gray matter is part of?

Answer 13

Descending pain control system

Question 14

Spinoreticular tract

Answer 14

synapse in reticular formation, modulates attention, arousal, can disturb sleep cycle

Question 15

Spinolimbic tract

Answer 15

Transmit slow pain info, emotional response to pain and reflexive movement

Question 16

Cerebellar pathways

Answer 16

Posterior spinocerebellar, and cuneocerebellar

Question 17

Cuneocerebellar pathway

Answer 17

Transmits info from upper r half of body and arms, 2nd synapse with lateral cuneate nucleus, entirely ipsilateral ascending

Question 18

Posterior spinocerebellar pathway

Answer 18

Transmits info from lower half of body and legs, 2nd synapses with nucleus dorsalis, entirelly ipsilateral

Question 19

Basal ganglia

Answer 19

receives input from motor and sensory parts of brain to aid in control of movement

Question 20

Motor loop of basal ganglia

Answer 20

excites putamen, inhibits globus pallidus, thus activating thalamus, intiates movement commands, stopping cortical activation inhibits thalamus again

Question 21

Globulus pallidus

Answer 21

always actively inhibiting the thalamus

Question 22

Parkinson’s

Answer 22

Substantia nigra degenerates reducing inhibition of GP, VL nucleus in thalamus cannot depolarize as readily

Question 23

Hungtington’s

Answer 23

Loss of inhibitory neurons results in VL firing without restraint

Question 24

Cerebellum function

Answer 24

Maintain posture, coordinate contraction sequence, provides error correction in slow movement

Question 25

Vermis contributes to

Answer 25

ventromedial pathways

Question 26

Pontine nuclei

Answer 26

axons from layer V pyramidal cells in the sensorimotor cortex form massive projections to pons

Question 27

Corticopontocerebellar projections

Answer 27

20 times larger than puramidal tract, pons supplies input to CB outputs flow through the deep nuclei and to thalamus, thalamic projections terminate on primary motor cortex to coordinate movement

Question 28

Corticopontocerebellar projections

Answer 28

20 times larger than puramidal tract, pons supplies input to CB outputs flow through the deep nuclei and to thalamus, thalamic projections terminate on primary motor cortex to coordinate movement

Question 29

Pyramindal tract

Answer 29

Direct order to make a muscle move, 2 motor neurons

Question 30

Corticospinal tract

Answer 30

voluntary control of torso including limbs, sequence of two motor neurons, crossover at the brain stem

Question 31

Corticobulbar tract

Answer 31

motor control of head via cranial nerves, crossover and stay in brainstem at cranial nerve nuclei

Question 32

Internal capsule

Answer 32

Large confluence of the descending axons

Question 33

Ventromedial pathway

Answer 33

indirect cortical control-proximal musculature, uses sense info about balance, vision, body position; can activate LMN

Question 34

Lateral pathways

Answer 34

Direct cortical control-distal musculature

Question 35

Vestibulospinal tract

Answer 35

posture and balance

Question 36

Tectospinal tract

Answer 36

Orienting response

Question 37

Pontine

Answer 37

Enhances antigravity reflexes

Question 38

Medullary

Answer 38

Liberates antigravity muscles from reflex during voluntary movements

Question 39

Motor cortex

Answer 39

Intitiates voluntary movement instruction along laeral paths