Unit 3: The neck and face

Question 1

Submental subdivision of anterior triangle

Answer 1

body of hyoid, anterior belly or digastric, mandibular symphysis, includes suprahyoid muscles, lymph nodes and mylohyoid, origin of anterior jugular

Question 2

Submandibular subdivision of anterior triangle

Answer 2

inferior mandible, anterior and posterior digastric, conains submandibular gland, portion of hypoglossal nerve, facial artery and vein, and suprahyoid muscles

Question 3

Carotid subdivision of anterior triangle

Answer 3

Superior belly of omohyoid, anterior SCM, posterior belly of digastric, contains common carotid, internal jugular, vagus, carotid body and sinus

Question 4

Muscular subdivision of anterior triangle

Answer 4

midline of neck, superior belly of omohyoid, anterior SCM, contains infrahyoid muscles, parathyroid glands

Question 5

Mylohyoid

Answer 5

N: mylohyoid A elevates hyoid, floor of mouth and tongue during swallowing and speaking

Question 6

Stylohyoid

Answer 6

N: stylohyoid branch of facial nerve A elevate and retract hyoid

Question 7

Geniohyoid

Answer 7

N: C1 of hypoglossal A: pulls hyoid anerosuperioly, shorten floor of mouth, widens pharynx

Question 8

Digastric

Answer 8

N: (anterior) mylohyoid, (posterior) digastric branch of facial A: elevate and steady hyoid, depresses mandible against resistance

Question 9

Innervation of the face

Answer 9

CN V trigeminal: sensory, motor for muscles of mastication; CN VII facial: motor

Question 10

First branch of trigeminal

Answer 10

Opthalmic V1: purely sensory; supra-orbital, supratrochlear, infratrochlear: innervates scalp, forehead and lacrimal glands*

Question 11

Second branch of trigeminal

Answer 11

Maxillary V2; infraorbital (teeth, eyelid, top lip), zygomaticotemporal (temple), zygomaticofacial (skin on cheek)

Question 12

Third branch of trigeminal

Answer 12

Mandibular V3; sensory and motor: mental (skin of lip and chin), buccal (cheek, gums), auriculotemporal (ear)

Question 13

Bell’s Palsy

Answer 13

loss of innervation of facial muscles; loss of facial tone and expression

Question 14

Occipitofrontalis

Answer 14

Front belly (elevates eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead), occipital belly (retracts scalp, synergist to front), obicularis oculi (closes eyelid; palpebral and orbital parts)

Question 15

Levator labii superioris

Answer 15

part of dilator of mouth, elevate upper lip, show sadness

Question 16

Buccinator

Answer 16

presses cheek against molars, keeps food in cheek, resists detension

Question 17

Zygomaticus major

Answer 17

dilator of mouth; elevate labial commissure (smile and sneer)

Question 18

Levator anguli oris

Answer 18

part of dilator, widens oral fissure (gin/grimace)

Question 19

Risorius

Answer 19

dilator, depresses labial (sadness)

Question 20

depressor anguli oris

Answer 20

dilator, depresses labial (sadness)

Question 21

depressor labii inferioris

Answer 21

dilator, retracts or everts lower lip (sadness)

Question 22

Mentalis

Answer 22

elevates and protrudes lower lip, elevates skin of chin (doubt)

Question 23

Facial nerve

Answer 23

CN VII: posterior auricular-occupitalis, temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical

Question 24

Posterior auricular supplies

Answer 24

occupitalis

Question 25

temporal supplies

Answer 25

O. oculi and inferior muscle

Question 26

Buccal supplies

Answer 26

buccinator and O oris

Question 27

marginal mandibular supplies

Answer 27

risorius and chin muscles

Question 28

cervical supplies

Answer 28

platysma

Question 29

Cutaneous scalp nerves

Answer 29

greater occipital and lesser occipital (C2)

Question 30

Blood supply

Answer 30

mostly external carotid: facial, superficial temporal, and occipital; some internal carotid

Question 31

Facial

Answer 31

Along inferior mandible deep to platysma, crosses inferior border anterior to masseter, mandible, buccinator, maxilla to canthus, superior and inferior labial branch

Question 32

Superficial temporal

Answer 32

formed at TMJ joint between TMJ and auricle, produced the transverse facial almost immediately, supplies parotid gland and masseter, divides into frontal and parietal branch in scalp

Question 33

Occipital

Answer 33

courses inferiorly under auricle through posterior triangle, emerges at back of head to supply scalp and occipitalis

Question 34

Internal carotid

Answer 34

supplies superficial face via supratrochlear and supra orbital arteries

Question 35

SCALP

Answer 35

Skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose CT, periosteium; arteries within CT, held tightly, will bleed profusely, infection transmitted easily

Question 36

Veins of head and neck

Answer 36

most with arteries, abundant anastomoses, drain to external or internal jugular via facial vein