Unit 3: Kidney

Question 1

Hiatus of diaphragm

Answer 1

Caval (IVC) at T8, Esophageal at T10, aortic at T12

Question 2

4 Lumbar spinal nerves

Answer 2

iliohypogastric (anterior abdominal wall), pudential (perineum), obturator and ilioinguinal (medial thigh), genitofemoral (genitalia)

Question 3

Lateral femoral cutaneous

Answer 3

runs on iliacus medial to ASIS

Question 4

Femoral Nerve

Answer 4

lateral to psoas, innerv iliacus, hip flexor/knee extensor

Question 5

Anterior femoral cutaneous

Answer 5

L2-L4 from femoral, medial half of thigh

Question 6

Obturator

Answer 6

innervate adductor of thigh, from medial border of psoas muscle

Question 7

Genitofemoral

Answer 7

pierces psoas and runs on anterior surface

Question 8

Kidneys are essential for maintaining?

Answer 8

Proper electrolyte balance of the body

Question 9

Kidney anatomy

Answer 9

Located retroperitoneally on posterior ab wall, T12 - L3; right lower than left; lies behind colon, jejunum, liver, stomach and spleen

Question 10

Kidney functions

Answer 10

control H2O and electrolyte balance, maintain acid base balance, excrete N, Urea, creatinine, drugs, and toxins, returns soluble nutrients

Question 11

Kidney produce

Answer 11

erythropoesis and renin to maintain BP

Question 12

Order of kidney vessels

Answer 12

Vein anterior to artery, anterior to ureter

Question 13

Kidney held in place by?

Answer 13

adipose tissue, renal fascia, fibrous capsule of connective tissue, and renal vessels

Question 14

Microscopic anatomy of kidney

Answer 14

pyramids separated by columns (passage of vessels), lobe= pyramid+ cap of cortex, subdivided in to lobule; separated by interlobular artery, central core- medullary ray; renal tubules

Question 15

Renal tubule

Answer 15

nephron- produces filtrate, collecting tubule-modifies filtrate to produce urine, nephron drains to collecting tubule, collecting duct, pelvis and ureter

Question 16

Kidney blood supply

Answer 16

receives blood from renal a, divide into 5 segmental artery, then interlobar, and arcuate a, interlobular a, then cap, interlobular v, arctuate v, interlobar v, and renal v

Question 17

Kidney innervation

Answer 17

Sympathetic and parasympathetic via renal nerve plexus

Question 18

Ureters

Answer 18

smooth muscular conducting tubes that transport urine to bladder, retroperitoneally at tips of transverse processes courses along bladder and enters inferolaterally on posterior surface

Question 19

3 transition points were connective tissue tethers ureters

Answer 19

at ureter pelvic junction, crossing at external iliac, and transverses the bladder

Question 20

Ureter blood supply

Answer 20

renal arter (ureteric branch), gonadal artery, aorta, common iliac, veins: ureteric and gonadal

Question 21

Ureter innervation

Answer 21

renal, abdominal aortic, and superior hypogastric plexi, referred pain to spinal ganglia (T11-L2); kidney stone: stone descends, pain descends

Question 22

Suprarenal glands

Answer 22

on superior medial surface of kidney between kidney and diaphragm, hang from diaphragm by extensions of renal fascia, barely attached by thin septum

Question 23

2 Parts of suprarenal gland

Answer 23

cortex: secretes corticosteroids, mineralocorticoids and androgens; medulla: secretes catacholamines

Question 24

Suprarenal gland blood supply

Answer 24

sup. suprarenal: inferior phrenic to inferior phrenic and sup. suprarenal; middle suprarenal (aorta); and inferior suprarenal (renal); vein: suprarenal into IVC or renal vein

Question 25

Suprarenal innnervation

Answer 25

Fibers from celiac plexus and all splanchnic nerves, terminate in medulla