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Anatomy > Unit 3: somatic > Flashcards

Unit 3: somatic Flashcards

1
Q

perception

A

interpretation of sensation into meaningful forms occurs in the cerebrum

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2
Q

how much sensory information is consciously perceived

A

very little, most is not processed at all

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3
Q

somatic sensation

A

sensory information from skin and musculoskeletal

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4
Q

information from skin examples

A

superficial: touch, pain, temperature, pressure and vibration; also deep cutateous

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5
Q

information from musculoskeletal

A

proprioception, tension on muscles, joints, position, deep vibration and pain

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6
Q

differences in system

A

unevenly distribution of receptors, responsiveness, different diameters of nerves

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7
Q

types of receptors

A

mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors

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8
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

mechanical deformations touch, pressure, stretch, vibration

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9
Q

chemoreceptors

A

released by cells, injury or infection

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10
Q

thermoreceptors

A

hot, cold

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11
Q

parts of body loaded with receptors

A

hands and face

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12
Q

differences in architecture

A

encapsulated or uncapsulated

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13
Q

unencapsulated

A

free nerve endings, primarily sensitive to tissue damage: pain receptors, temperature fluxes

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14
Q

encapsulated sensory cells

A

touch, vibration

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15
Q

Differences in receptors

A

architecture, receptive fields, type of innervation, attenuation properties

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16
Q

pacinian corpuscles

A

deep vibration

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17
Q

ruffinis endings

A

deep, stretch, joint deformation, warmth, how much force is put on joint

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18
Q

meissners corpuscles

A

shallow, light touch vibration

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19
Q

Merkel’s disks

A

shallow, light touch

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20
Q

krause end bulbs

A

shallow, cold

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21
Q

nerve endings

A

temperature

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22
Q

Some nerve endings respond to

A

touch, tickle, or itch

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23
Q

What has small receptive fields

A

meissners and merkel

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24
Q

what has large receptive fields

A

pacinian and ruffini

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25
Q

test for receptive field

A

two point test, whether two points can be distinguished; high resolution vs low resolution

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26
Q

2 types of fine touch

A

superficial and subcutaneous

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27
Q

coarse touch

A

uses free nerve ending, pleasant touch tickle, itch

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28
Q

what uses meissners and merkles touch

A

superficial fine touch

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29
Q

types of innervation

A

Large myelinated, medium myelinated, small myelinated and small unmyelinated

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30
Q

4 types of axons

A

Aa, AB, Ad, C

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31
Q

what do C fibers do

A

mediate pain and temperature

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32
Q

what is largest fiber

A

Aa, tell your brain where your muscles are

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33
Q

Where are largest and fastest

A

in muscles not skin

34
Q

Receptor attenuation refers to

A

Adaptation

35
Q

pt suffers 3rd degree bone, not through hyperdermis what will they be able to detect

A

not touch or temperature, but deep vibration perhabs

36
Q

tonic

A

slow to adapt, keep firing as long as stimulus is present provide long term feedback (carotid sinus*)

37
Q

phasic

A

respond only when there is a change in the stimulus

38
Q

3 parts of muscle spindles

A

Muscle fibers, sensory neurons, motor neurons

39
Q

golgi tendon organs

A

determine how much tension a muscle is under, only sensitive to force, can send inhibitory signals to the muscle to relax if under too much force

40
Q

joint receptors

A

Respond to movement of joint and ligaments: ruffini, paciniform, ligament receptors, free nerve ending; fastest

41
Q

tonic

A

slow to adapt, keep firing as long as stimulus is present provide long term feedback (carotid sinus)

42
Q

Type of proprioceptors

A

Muscle spindles, golgi tendon organ, joint receptors

43
Q

there is redundency in?

A

proprioceptors so if you lose one you have more

44
Q

golgi tendon organs

A

determine how much tension a muscle is under, only sensitive to force

45
Q

dorsal columns carry

A

discriminate touch and proprioception

46
Q

primary relay

A

carries from receptor to medulla

47
Q

secondary relay carries

A

crosses over and ascends to ventral posteriolateral nucleus, medulla to thalamus

48
Q

tertiary relay carries

A

conveys info from thalamus to the cerebral cortex

49
Q

joint receptors nerves

A

ruffini, paciniform, ligament receptors, free nerve; fastest

50
Q

primary sensory cortex discriminates among

A

size, texture, shape

51
Q

somatosensory association areas

A

determines what thing is from sensory info

52
Q

3 pathways that carry info to brain

A

conscious relay, divergent pathways, and unconscious relay

53
Q

who do paths differ

A

in ability to locate stimulus, and awareness

54
Q

stereognosis

A

ability to identify something by touch only

55
Q

nerve bundlig

A

tend to stay together from same part of body, usually minimum of 3 neurons

56
Q

conscious relay

A

high fidelity info, info is also discriminative, can make fine distinctions

57
Q

2 pathways of conscious relay

A

dorsal columns and anteriolateral tracts

58
Q

injure right side of cord at L1, where will pain be

A

won’t feel it on the left side, won’t feel proprioception on right side

59
Q

will sensory be ipsilateral or contralateral of injury

A

if injury is distal end of cord it will be ipsilateral, if at brain stem it will be contralateral

60
Q

primary sensory cortex

A

discriminates size, texture, shape

61
Q

association

A

determines what thing is from sensory info

62
Q

how do touch and proprioception rise?

A

ipsilaterally before crossing over to medulla

63
Q

what happens if you lose peripheral afferent info

A

awareness of body can be lost

64
Q

stereonosis

A

can identify by feeling

65
Q

if have lesion loss will occur

A

below the lesion

66
Q

course, pain and touch travel through

A

lateral tracts

67
Q

spinothalamic path

A

temperature pathway, cross over is immediate

68
Q

High fidelity

A

can feel precisely where stimulus is

69
Q

What is a receptive field

A

how large an area of the skin that is served by a single receptor and neuron

70
Q

What type of touch is Pacinian and ruffini’s

A

subcutaneous fine touch

71
Q

What primary afferent axon mediates touch sensation

A

AB

72
Q

Tonic receptor example

A

Merkel’s disk, Ruffini’s ending

73
Q

Phasic receptor example

A

Meissner’s corpuscle, pacinian corpuscle

74
Q

Muscle spindles are

A

the sensory organs embedded muscle that keep muscles from lengthening too much or too fast

75
Q

Conscious relay is

A

awareness of stimuli and precise location

76
Q

Divergent pathways are

A

awareness but cannot localize

77
Q

Unconscious relays are

A

unaware

78
Q

Anteriolateral tracts carry what kind of information

A

pain, temperature and coarse touch

79
Q

Muscle spindle function

A

Keeps muscles from lengthening too much or too fast, informs CNS of joint angles

80
Q

Anterolateral tract

A

pain, temperature, coarse touch

Anatomy (15 decks)

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