Surgery Flashcards
Achlorhydria
absence of hydrocholric acid in the stomach
Amaurosis fugax
transient visual loss in one eye
Bovie
Electrocautery
Celiotomy
surgical incision into the peritoneal cavity
Curettage
scraping of the internal surface of an organ or body cavity with a spoon shaped instrument
Gastropexy
surgical attachment of the stomach to the abdominal wall
Inspissated
thicken, hard
Leiomyoma
Benign tumor of smooth muscle
Ballance’s sign
constant dullness to percussion in LUQ and resonance to percussion in the right flank seen with splenic rupture
Battle’s sign
eccyhmosis over the mastoid process in the patients with basilar skull fractures
Beck’s triad
cardiac tamponade: JVD, decreased or muffled heart sounds, decreased blood pressure
Bergmans’ triad
fat emboli syndrome: mental status changes, petechiae, dyspnea
Blumer’s shelf
metastatic disease to rectouterine or rectovesical pouch creating a shelf that is palpable on rectle exam
Boas’ sign
right subscapular pain resulting from cholelithiasis
Borchardt’s triad
gastric volvulus: emesis followed by retching, epigastric distention, failure to pass an NGT
Carcinoid triad
carcinoid syndrome: flushing, diarrhea, right-sided HF
Charcot’s triad
cholangitis: fever, jaundice, RUQ pain
Cushing’s triad
increase intracranial pressure: hypertension, bradycardia, irregular respirations
Dance’s sign
empty RLQ in children with ileocecal intussusception
Homan’s sign
calf pain on forced dorsiflecion of the foor in pts with DVT
Kehr’s sign
severe left shoulder pain in pts with splenic rupture
Kelly’s sign
visible peristalsis of the ureter in response to squeezing or retraction- to identify ureter in surgery
Meckel’s diverticulum rule of 2s
2% of the pop have a Meckel’s diverticulum, 2% of those are symptomatic, and they occur within 2 feet of the ileocecal valve
Pheochromocytoma symptoms triad
PHE: palpitations, headache, episodic diaphoresis
Raccoon eyes
bilateral black eyes as a result of basilar skull fracture
Reynold’s pentad
Fever, jaundice, RUQ pain, mental status changes, shock: charcots + mental status change, shock
Saint’s triad
cholelithiasis, hiatel hernia, diverticular disease
Virchow’s triad
thrombosis: stasis, abnormal endothelium, hypercoagulability
Valentino’s sign
RLQ pain from a perforated peptic ulcer due to pus draining into the RLQ
Whipple’s triad
insulinoma: hypoglycemia, CNS and vasomotor symptoms, relief of symptoms with admin of glucose
Model for end stage liver disease
INR, Serum bilirubin and creatinine; average score for liver transplant pt is 26-33
Wernicke’s encephalopathy triad
Confusion, opthalmoplegia, ataxia
Curling’s ulcer
Peptic ulcer from severe burns
Dieulafoy ulcer
Gastric bleeding from AVM
Aphthous ulcer
Ulcer from crohn’s
Marginal ulcer
Ulcer at GI anastomoses
Child’s Pugh score
Ascites, bilirubin, encephalopathy, albumin, pt time
Ranson criteria
Age >55, WBC >16k, Glucose>200, AST>250, LDH>350; at 48 hrs Ca10%, PaO24, BUN>5 increase, sequestration >5L
What does Ranson criteria predict?
Mortality in acute pancreatitis pts, a score greater than 7 predicts 100% mortality
Causes of cyanotic heart disease
5 T’s: tetrology of fallot, truncus arteriosis, tricuspid atresia, transposition of great vessels, totally anomalous pulmonary venous return
Most common benign heart lesion
Myxoma
Most common malignant heart lesion in children
Rhamdomyosarcoma
Odontoid fracture
Type 1, type 2, type 3; tip of dens, base of dens, and through body of vertebrae
