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Anatomy > Unit 1: Lecture Things > Flashcards

Unit 1: Lecture Things Flashcards

0
Q

Classification of bones

A

Long, short, flat, irregular, sesame is

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1
Q

Body planes

A

Transverse, frontal, saggital, oblique, median

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2
Q

Joints

A

Synovial, fibrous, cartilaginous

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3
Q

Synovial joints

A

Pivot, ball and socket, hinge, saddle, condyloid, plane

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4
Q

Fibrous joint

A

Syndesmosis, suture, gomphosis

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5
Q

Cartilaginous

A

Primary (epiphysial plate), secondary (intervertebral disc)

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6
Q

Shape of muscle

A

Flat, pennate, fusiform, quadrate, circular or sphincteral

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7
Q

Functions of lymphatic system

A

Drain tissue fluids, absorb and transport fat, formation of defense mechanism for body

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8
Q

Extrinsic back muscles

A

Trapezius, latissimus Dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids

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9
Q

Triangle of auscultation

A

Vertebral border of scapula, superior border of latissimus, lateral border of trapezius

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10
Q

Extrinsic intermediate muscles of back

A

Serratus posterior superior and inferior

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11
Q

Intrinsic muscles of back

A

Splenius, erector spinal, transverse spinal

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12
Q

Transversospinalis group

A

Semispinalis, multifidus, rotators

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13
Q

Joints of vertebrae

A

Facet (zygapophysial) between articulate facets

Fibrocartilaginous (symphasis) intervertebral discs

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14
Q

Disc most prone to rupture

A

Limbo-sacral joint, tear in annulus fibrosis

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15
Q

Pars interarticularis

A

Region of lamina between superior and inferior facets

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16
Q

Spondylolysis

A

Fracture of pars portion of vertebrae

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17
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Vertebrae shift forward due to instability from pars defect

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18
Q

Scottie dog image

A

Refers to spondylolysis break

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19
Q

There is no ligament between what?

A

The pedi led. Because of intervetebral formina and emergence of spinal nerves

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20
Q

Ligamentous nuchae

A

Serves as attachment of cervical muscles

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21
Q

Needle passage through which layers in spinal tap

A

Supra and interspinous ligaments, through ligamenta flava (pop), epidural space, dura, arachnoid, subarachnoid space

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22
Q

Pia 2 shock cords?

A

Denticulate ligaments, filamentum terminal

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23
Q

Grey matter

A

Consists of nerve cell bodies and unmylinated nerves

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24
Q

White matter

A

Consists of myelinated axons for communication up and down the column

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25
Q

Types of nerves

A

Somatic sensory, somatic motor, visceral sensory, visceral motor

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26
Q

Dermatomes

A

Skin area supplied by a single pair of nerves

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27
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Divisions are somatic and Autonomic

Components are cranial and spinal nerves

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28
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Divisions are Visceral sensory and visceral motor

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29
Q

Somatic division neurons

A

One motor neuron, cell bodies in cns, axons all the way to skeletal muscles

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30
Q

Autonomic system neuron

A

2 motor neurons, preganglionic in cns, ganglion if in cell body in ganglion outside cns, slower than somatic because less or no myelination

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31
Q

Origin of parasympathetic

A

Most cranial and sacral nerves

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32
Q

Origin of sympathetic

A

T1-L2

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33
Q

Sympathetic also called

A

Thoracolumbar system

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34
Q

Parasympathetic also called

A

Craniosacral

35
Q

Sympathetic release

A

Norepinephrine

37
Q

Parasympathetic release

A

Actylcholine

38
Q

Trapezius O and I

A

Occipital protuberance, C7-T12

39
Q

Latissimus Dorsi O and I

A

T7-L5, iliac crest and humerus bicipital goove

40
Q

Levator Scapulae O and I

A

C1-C4 and superior angle of scapula

41
Q

Rhomboid maj and min O and I

A

C7-T1, T2-T5 and medial border of scapula

42
Q

Rhomboid active when…

A

Forcibly lowering arms, sledgehammer

43
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior and Inferior O and I

A

C7-T3 and T11-L2 and 2-5 rib, 8-12 rib

44
Q

Function of the back

A

Support, movement, protection

45
Q

Secondary Curvatures

A

Move body center of gravity within the body to permit upright posture; Lumbar and cervical

46
Q

Kyphosis

A

Wedging anteriorly

47
Q

Lordosis

A

Wedging posteriorly

48
Q

Vertebral arch and processes exists

A

to protect the spinal cord, attachments of muscles, articulation with the ribs, regulation of movements

49
Q

T12

A

Transition vertebrae, most likely to be fractured

50
Q

Vertebrae are held together by

A

ligaments, intervertebral discs, synovial joints between articular processes

51
Q

2 components of Intervertebral disks

A

Outer rim (anulus fibrosus), Central gelatinous nucleus pulposus; shock absorbers

52
Q

Ligamentum Nuchae

A

Serves as attachment of cervical muscles

53
Q

Lateral Horns of grey matter present in?

A

Thoracic region only

54
Q

Flexor Reflex

A

Cuteaneous ending, afferent neuron, internuncial neuron, alpha motor neuron, motor end plates

55
Q

Monosynaptic Stretch reflex

A

Neuromuscular spindle, afferent neuron, alpha motor neuron, motor end-plate

56
Q

3 a and v drainage of spinal cord

A

p. spinal v., p. spinal a., and posterolateral spinal v

57
Q

Splanchnic nerve

A

Innervates internal organs through a prevertebral ganglia, activating sympathetic senses, except pelvic which is parasympathetic

58
Q

**4 directions of preganglionic axons in sympathetic trunk

A

Synapse on postganglionic neuron in chain ganglion then return to spinal nerve and follow ganglioin to the skin, ascend or descend, enter without synapsing, form spanchnic nerve synapsing in prevertebral ganglion

59
Q

Laciferous duct

A

Commence toward nipple from each lobe

60
Q

Lactiferous sinus

A

open into tip of nipple, collect milk and contract in let down reflex

61
Q

Blood supply of breast

A

Internal thoracic artery (subclavian), Axillary branches: superior thoracic, thoracoacromial (pec branch), lateral thoracic, subscapular, and intercostal artery

62
Q

What supplies blood to nipple and areola?

A

Intercostal Artery

63
Q

Venous drainage of breast

A

internal mammary, axillary, posterior intercostal

64
Q

Lymphatic Drainage of breast

A

Axillary, internal mammary, supraclavicular, posterior intercostal

65
Q

2 groups of Lymphatic drainage

A

Superficial, skin; deep, tissue and areola/nipple

66
Q

Superficial drainage nodes

A

Axillary, supraclavicular, parasternal

67
Q

Deep drainage nodes

A

Anterior axillary, subareolar lymphatic plexus, parasternal, posterior intercostal, supraclavicular

68
Q

Signs of breast cancer

A

Skin dimpling, nipple retraction, Peau d’orange; aka pull on suspensory ligaments, retraction of milk ducts, lymphatic obstruction

69
Q

Amazia

A

Nipple development, no breast development

70
Q

Athelia

A

No nipple over breast

71
Q

Clavipectoral fascia

A

very thick layer wraps around pec minor and extends to axillary fossa

72
Q

Retinacula

A

Transverse thickening of the antebrachial fascia, retains tendons; acts as pullies

73
Q

Palmar aponeurosis

A

deep fascia extends into the hand as he palmar aponeurosis and extends into the fingers

74
Q

Subdivisions of clavipectotoral

A

costochoricoid membrane, suspensory ligament

75
Q

Pectoralis Major O and I

A

Clavicular and sternal attachements; lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus

76
Q

Pectoralis Minor O and I

A

3-5 ribs; coracoid process of scapula

77
Q

Subclavius O and I

A

1st rib and cartilage; middle third of clavicle

78
Q

Serratus Anterior O and I

A

1-8 ribs; Medial border of scapula

79
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

Deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, teres major, subscapularis

80
Q

Which rotator cuff muscle is damaged the most?

A

Supraspinatus; it does not rotate

81
Q

Flexor Retinaculum

A

Thickening of the fascia in the forearm, attaches to the scaphoid and trapezium, pisiform and hamate

82
Q

Biceps O and I

A

Long head: supraglenoid process; short head: coracoid process, radial tubrosity

83
Q

Choracobrachialis O and I

A

Coracoid process, middle of humerus

84
Q

Brachialis O and I

A

Distal humerus, coronoid tuberosity of ulna

85
Q

Triceps O and I

A

Long: infraglenoid tubercle, Laterial: posterior humerus, radial groove, Medial: humerus, radial groove; olecranon

86
Q

Aconeus O and I

A

Epicondyle of humerus, olecranon

Anatomy (15 decks)

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