unit 4: learning

Question 1

associative learning

Answer 1

learning that certain events occur together

Question 2

what are the two types of associative learning?

Answer 2

classical conditioning and operant conditioning

Question 3

classical conditioning

Answer 3

a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate two previously unrelated stimuli

Question 4

what did ivan pavlov study?

Answer 4

classical conditioning

Question 5

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 5

a stimulus that triggers a response automatically

Question 6

unconditioned response

Answer 6

a simple, unlearned response or reflex

Question 7

neutral stimulus

Answer 7

stimulus that doesn’t elicit the unconditioned response

Question 8

conditioned stimulus

Answer 8

previously neutral stimulus that gains power to cause a response through conditioning

Question 9

conditioned response

Answer 9

previously unconditioned response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus

Question 10

what are the labeled parts of the “little albert” experiment?

Answer 10

UCS - white rat
UCR - fear/crying
NS - loud noise
CS - loud noise
CR - fear/crying

Question 11

acquisition

Answer 11

when an organism begins to associate the NS with the UCS to start the process of classical conditioning

Question 12

extinction

Answer 12

after repeated presentation of the CS without the UCS , the CR fades away and eventually stops

Question 13

spontaneous recovery

Answer 13

after extinction and a lapse of time, the CR reappears

Question 14

stimulus generalization

Answer 14

the organism responds not only to the CS but another stimuli (ex. being scared of pitbulls then becoming scared of all dogs)

Question 15

who conducted the little albert experiment?

Answer 15

john watson

Question 16

counter conditioning

Answer 16

conditioning a new response to an old stimulus

Question 17

stimulus discrimination

Answer 17

telling the difference between stimuli

Question 18

taste aversion

Answer 18

learned association that the taste of a food and illness means that the food is the cause of the illness

Question 19

operant conditioning

Answer 19

the basic learning process that involves changing the probability of a response by manipulating the consequences of that response

Question 20

who proposed operant conditioning?

Answer 20

b.f. skinner

Question 21

positive law of effect

Answer 21

if a behavior is followed by a positive state of affairs, the likelihood of a behavior occurring again increases

Question 22

negative law of effect

Answer 22

if a behavior is followed by a negative state of affairs, the likelihood of a behavior occurring again decreases