unit 1a: history & intro to psych

Question 1

psychology

Answer 1

the science that seeks to understand behavior & mental processes

Question 2

behavior

Answer 2

any action we can record & measure

Question 3

socrates & plato believe about psychology?

Answer 3

believed the mind and body were separate, and that knowledge is innate

Question 4

what did aristotle believe about psychology?

Answer 4

believed knowledge is an outgrowth of experience

Question 5

what did descartes believe about psychology?

Answer 5

believed that knowledge is innate and that nerve paths are important and enable reflexes

Question 6

francis bacon

Answer 6

a founder of modern science who relied on experiments

Question 7

john locke

Answer 7

believed that at birth our mind is a blank slate (tabula rasa)

Question 8

tabula rasa

Answer 8

blank slate on which experience rights. proposed by john locke

Question 9

wilhelm wundt

Answer 9

opened the first psychological laboratory in germany. believed that consciousness should be the subject matter of psychology

Question 10

edward titchner

Answer 10

wilhelm wundt’s student. introduced the structuralist approach and used introspection

Question 11

introspection

Answer 11

a technique of “inward looking” that was used by structuralists to discover parts of the mind

Question 12

structuralism

Answer 12

approach to studying the consciousness where one attempts to discover the elements that make up the mind

Question 13

william jones

Answer 13

studied the functions of consciousness. founded the first u.s. laboratory. promoted functionalism

Question 14

functionalism

Answer 14

the study of how our thoughts & feelings function to increase our chances of survival

Question 15

psychodynamic perspective

Answer 15

connected to freud’s psychoanalysis. focuses on drives, unfulfilled wishes, and childhood trauma

Question 16

evolutionary perspective

Answer 16

connected to charles darwin and natural selection

Question 17

biological perspective

Answer 17

studied how the body & brain enable emotions, memory, & sensory experiences

Question 18

humanistic perspective

Answer 18

connected to maslow and rogers. emphasizes human beings’ inborn desire for personal growth.

Question 19

behavioral perspective

Answer 19

founded by john watson. characterizes behavior and mental processes as primarily the result of learning

Question 20

cognitive perspective

Answer 20

studies how we process, store, and retrieve information

Question 21

social-cultural perspective

Answer 21

how behavior and thinking vary across situations & cultures

Question 22

individualistic culture

Answer 22

culture that gives priority to the goals of the individual

Question 23

collectivist culture

Answer 23

culture that gives priority to the goals of the group