unit 2b: sleep, dreaming, psychoactive drugs

Question 1

biological rhythms

Answer 1

repetitive biological processes. 2 types

Question 2

24 hour biological clock

Answer 2

a type of biological rhythm. most humans have a 24 hour sleep.wake cycle

Question 3

90-minute sleep cycle

Answer 3

a type of biological rhythm

Question 4

cicadian rhythm

Answer 4

about 24 hours. thinking is sharpest & memory is the most accurate when we are at our daily peak in circadian arousal

Question 5

owl

Answer 5

someone who is evening-energized, performance improves across the day. applies to most university students

Question 6

lark

Answer 6

someone who is morning-energized, performance declines across the day. applies to most old people

Question 7

nrem sleep

Answer 7

non-rapid eye movement sleep which encompasses all sleep stages except REM sleep

Question 8

rem sleep

Answer 8

rapid eye movement sleep. vivid dreams occur during REM sleep

Question 9

suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn)

Answer 9

a pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythms

Question 10

melatonin

Answer 10

sleep-inducing hormone triggered by darkness

Question 11

insomnia

Answer 11

a problem falling asleep or staying asleep

Question 12

narcolepsy

Answer 12

a genetic disorder where a person can have sudden attacks of overwhelming sleepiness, usually goes directly into rem sleep

Question 13

sleep apnea

Answer 13

intermittent termination of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

Question 14

rem rebound

Answer 14

the tendency for rem sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

Question 15

psychoactive drugs

Answer 15

chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

Question 16

tolerance

Answer 16

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug

Question 17

neuroadaptation

Answer 17

with continued use of some drugs, the user’s brain chemistry adapts to offset the drug effect

Question 18

what are the 3 categories of psychoactive drugs?

Answer 18

depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens

Question 19

depressants

Answer 19

calm neural activity and slow body functions (ex. alcohol, opiates)

Question 20

stimulants

Answer 20

temporarily excite neural activity and arouse body functions (ex. caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, ecstasy)

Question 21

hallucinogens

Answer 21

drugs that distort the way you perceive reality, causes hallucinations (ex. marijuana, LSD)