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Physio 202 lab > Unit 4 Lab 9 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Lab 9 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the male reproductive system

A
  • produce sperm and male sex hormones (testes)
  • transport, store, and assist in maturation of sperm (ducts)
  • secrete most of the liquid portion of semen (accessory sex gland)
  • a passageway for ejaculation of semen and excretion of urine (penis)
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2
Q

what are the components of the male reproductive system

A
  • testes
  • ducts
  • accessory sex glands
  • supporting structures
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3
Q

what are the ducts in the male repro system

A

epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

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4
Q

what are the accessory glands in the male repro system

A

seminal vesicles, prostate, cowpers gland

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5
Q

what are the supporting structures in the male reproductive system

A

scrotum and penis

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6
Q

what is the scrotum

A

pouch of loose skin that is suspended from the root fo penis outside the abdominopelvic cavity

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7
Q

what does the scrotal septum do

A

internally divides scrotum with 1 testis in each section

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8
Q

what is the dartos muscle

A

smooth muscle within scrotal septum and scrotal wall

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9
Q

what is the function of the dartos muscle

A

tightens scrotum to reduce heat loss

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10
Q

where are the cremastor muscles located

A

within spermatic cords

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11
Q

what are cremastor muscles

A

skeletal muscle that are extensions of the internal obliques

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12
Q

what do cremastor muscles

A

adjusts distance of testes from body wall

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13
Q

what are the endocrine functions in the testes

A

produce and release male hormones called androgens

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14
Q

what are the exocrine functions in the testes

A

produce and release sperm

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15
Q

what are the layers of the testes from deep to superficial

A

tunica albuginea, tunica vaginalis, spermatic fascia

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16
Q

what is the tunica albuginea made of

A

dense fibrous connective tissue

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17
Q

what does the tunica albuginea form

A

septa that divide testes into lobules

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18
Q

what is the tunica vaginalis

A

extension of peritoneum

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19
Q

what is the spermatic fascia made of

A

loose connective tissue

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20
Q

where are the seminiferous tubules located

A

within the lobules of the testes

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21
Q

what happens in the seminiferous tubules

A

spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis

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22
Q

what happens is spermatogenesis

A

formation of spermatids through meiosis

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23
Q

where does spermatogenesis occur

A

walls of seminiferous tubules

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24
Q

what happens is spermiogenesis

A

maturation of sperm- development of haploid spermatids into sperm

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25
Q

where does spermatogenesis occur

A

seminiferous tubules

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26
Q

what are straight tubules

A

short ducts

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27
Q

what are rete testis

A

network of ducts

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28
Q

what are efferent ducts

A

coiled

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29
Q

what is the epididymys

A

1st part of male duct system

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30
Q

what do Leydig cells do

A

produce and secret androgens (testosterone)

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31
Q

where are leydig cells located

A

Interstitial spaces of testes

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32
Q

what are interstitial spaces

A

triangular shape spaces between seminiferous tubules

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33
Q

what are leydig cells stimulated by

A

LH

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34
Q

what do sertoli cells do

A

they provide chemical environment for spermatogenesis and assists cells to move from basement membrane to lumen of seminiferous tubules

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35
Q

where are Sertoli cells located

A

walls of seminiferous tubules

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36
Q

what are Sertoli cells stimulated by

A

FSH

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37
Q

what are the ducts of the testes

A

straight tubules, rate testis, efferent ducts

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38
Q

what does the epididymis do

A
  • site of sperm storage
  • reabsorbs degenerated sperm or any sperm not ejaculated after several months
  • propels sperm into vas deferent by peristaltic contractions of smooth muscle
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39
Q

where is the epididymis located

A

curves over posterior of corresponding testis

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40
Q

where is the vas deferens located

A

travels through spermatic cord into pelvic cavity

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41
Q

what does the vas deferens do

A

broadens into an ampulla that joins with seminal vesicle duct to the ejaculatory duct

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42
Q

where is the ejaculatory duct located

A

prostate gland

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43
Q

where is the spermatic cord located

A

ascends out of scrotum

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44
Q

how does the spermatic cord enter the pelvic cavity

A

through inguinal canals

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45
Q

what does the spermatic cord contain

A

vas deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus, nerves, lymphatic vessels, cremaster muscle

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46
Q

what is the pampiniform plexus

A

vein network

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47
Q

what does the paminiform plexus do

A
  • drains testes and carries testosterone into circulation

- helps control testis temperature by allowing evaporation of heat from artery

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48
Q

what are the accessory sex glands in males

A

seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and cowpers gland

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49
Q

how much semen do the seminal vesicles secrete

A

60%

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50
Q

where are the seminal vesicles located

A

posterior to urinary bladder

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51
Q

what is found in the seminal vesicles and what does it do

A

alkaline fluid, neutralizes acidic male urethra and female vagina

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52
Q

what does alkaline fluid contain

A

fructose (energy source for sperm) and prostaglandins which stimulate sperm motility and muscular contractions in female repro tract.

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53
Q

how much semen does the prostate gland secrete

A

25%

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54
Q

where is the prostate gland located

A

surrounds prostatic urethra inferior to urinary bladder

55
Q

what does the fluid in the prostate gland contain

A

proteolytic enzymes which increases sperm viability and motility. slightly acidic

56
Q

what is BPH

A

benign prostatic hypertrophy

57
Q

how much semen does cowpers gland secrete

A

15%

58
Q

where are the cowpers glands located

A

within urogenital diaphragm on either side of membranous urethra

59
Q

what do cowpers glands contain

A

alkaline fluid and secretes mucus

60
Q

what is the penis

A
  • cylindrical shaft that contains spongy urethra

- passageway for urine and ejaculation of semen

61
Q

what does the suspensory ligament of the penis do

A
  • attaches penis to pubic symphysis

- supports penis when erect

62
Q

what are the 3 cylindrical masses (erectile tissue) of the penis

A

corpora cavernous and corpora spongiosum

63
Q

what does corpora cavernous contain

A

blood sinuses

64
Q

what does corpora spongiosum contain

A

spongy urethra and blood sinuses

65
Q

what is the glans penis

A

extension of corpus spongiosum that is covered with prepuce (foreskin) and contains the external urethral orifice

66
Q

what are the components in sperm

A

head, mid piece, tail

67
Q

what does the head contain

A

nucleus-contains chromosomes

acrosome- contains hydrolytic enzymes that allow sperm to penetrate oocyte

68
Q

what does the mid piece contain

A

mitochondria-produce ATP for motility

69
Q

what does the tail contain

A

flagellum-propels sperm

70
Q

what are the functions of the female reproductive system

A
  • produce secondary oocytes and hormones, including estrogen and progesterone
  • transport secondary oocytes to uterus
  • protect and nourish developing embryo and fetus
  • receive penis during sexual intercourse and provide passageway for childbirth
  • synthesize, secrete, nd eject milk for newborn
71
Q

what are the components of the female repro system

A
  • ovaries
  • uterine tubes
  • uterus
  • vagina
  • external genitalia
  • mammary glands
72
Q

what are the female gonads

A

paired oval shaped glands located on either side of the uterus

73
Q

what are the endocrine functions of the female gonads

A

produce and release hormones

74
Q

what are the exocrine functions of the female gonads

A

produce and release secondary oocytes

75
Q

what are the function of the fallopian tubes

A
  • receive and transport secondary oocyte to superior part of uterus
  • provide a route for sperm to reach ovum
76
Q

what are the regions in the fallopian tubes

A

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus

77
Q

what is the infundibulum

A

distal portion of the uterine tube

78
Q

what are fimbrae and where are they located

A

finger like projections producing a small current from swaying that helps oocyte to come into uterine tube

79
Q

what is the ampulla

A

longest region (2/3 of length), where fertilization occurs

80
Q

what Is the isthmus

A

proximal to uterus, narrower lumen and thicker walls compared to infundibulum and ampulla

81
Q

what is the uterine tube lined with

A

ciliated columnar epithelium

82
Q

how do zygotes move through uterine tube

A

beating of cilia and peristaltic smooth muscle contractions

83
Q

what is the function of the uterus

A

site of implantation of fertilized ovum, development of fetus, labor, source of menstrual flow

84
Q

what are the regions in the uterus

A

funds, body, cervix

85
Q

what is the fundus

A

dome shaped superior portion and meets uterine tubes

86
Q

what is the largest region in uterus

A

the body

87
Q

what is the cervix

A

narrow region that opens into vagina

88
Q

what is in the cervix

A

internal O’s, cervical canal, external O’s

89
Q

what are the internal O’s

A

opening between uterus and cervix

90
Q

what is the cervical canal

A

cavity within cervix

91
Q

what are the external O’s

A

opening between cervix and vagina

92
Q

what are the layers in the uterus

A

endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium

93
Q

what is the endometrium

A

inner vascular layer lining uterine cavity

94
Q

what is in the endometrium

A

stratum functionalism and stratum basalis

95
Q

what does the stratum functionalists do

A

sloughs off during menstruation

96
Q

what does the stratum Basilis do

A

creates new start, functionalists after each mesntruation

97
Q

what is the thickest layer in the uterus

A

myometrium

98
Q

what are the 3 smooth muscle layers in the myometrium

A

circular, oblique, longitudinal

99
Q

what is the perimetric of the uterus

A

thin outer layer

100
Q

what are the 4 ligaments that keep the uterus bent forward

A

broad, round, ovarian, suspensory

101
Q

what are the female glands

A

skene’s glands, bartholin glands

102
Q

where are the skenes glands located

A

ducts near urethra that lubricate the urethra, antimicrobial

103
Q

where are the bartholin glands located and what do they do

A

near vagina, lubriacates vagina with mucus

104
Q

what are skenes glands homologous to

A

prostate gland

105
Q

what are bartholin glands homologous to

A

cowpers glands

106
Q

what are the mammary glands

A

modified sweat glands

107
Q

what are the mammary glands surrounded by

A

adipose tissue

108
Q

what are the external structures of the mammary glands

A

areola, nipple, lactiferous duct opening

109
Q

what is the areola

A

circular pigmented area around nipple

110
Q

what is the nipple

A

pigmented projection

111
Q

what are lactiferous duct openings

A

where milk emerges

112
Q

what are the internal structures in the mammary glands

A

alveoli, lobules, lobes, mammary ducts, lactiferous sinuses, lactiferous ducts

113
Q

what are alveoli

A

milk producing glands

114
Q

what are lobules

A

clusters of alveoli

115
Q

what are lobes made up of

A

lobules

116
Q

what do mammary ducts do

A

drain one lobe

117
Q

what doe lactiferous sinuses do

A

drain mammary ducts

118
Q

what do lactiferous ducts do

A

drain lactiferous sinuses

119
Q

what are the regions of the ovaries

A

germinal epithelium, cortex, medulla

120
Q

what is germinal epithelium

A

simple epithelium

121
Q

what does the cortex contain

A

follicles

122
Q

what does the medulla contain

A

connective tissues, blood vessels and nerves

123
Q

what do granulosa cells do

A

secrete estrogen

124
Q

what do theca cells do

A

provide the precursor for granulosa cells to produce estrogen

125
Q

what do Graafian follicles become after ovulation

A

corpus luteteum and later into corpus albicans if ovum is not fertilized

126
Q

what does corpus luteum do

A

secretes progesterone

127
Q

what do primordial follicles contain

A

primary oocytes surrounded by follicular cells

128
Q

what do primary follicles contain

A

primary oocytes surrounded by follicular cells and granulosa cells

129
Q

what do secondary follicles contain

A

primary oocytes and antrum

130
Q

what doe Graafian follicles contain

A

secondary oocytes

131
Q

what does the endometrium line in the uterus

A

uterine cavity

132
Q

what is in the endometrium in the uterus

A

endometrial glands, stratum functionalists, stratum basilis

133
Q

what does the stratum functionalis in the uterus do

A

increases in size each month to prepare for zygote

Physio 202 lab (12 decks)

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