Unit 4 Lab 9 Flashcards
what are the functions of the male reproductive system
- produce sperm and male sex hormones (testes)
- transport, store, and assist in maturation of sperm (ducts)
- secrete most of the liquid portion of semen (accessory sex gland)
- a passageway for ejaculation of semen and excretion of urine (penis)
what are the components of the male reproductive system
- testes
- ducts
- accessory sex glands
- supporting structures
what are the ducts in the male repro system
epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
what are the accessory glands in the male repro system
seminal vesicles, prostate, cowpers gland
what are the supporting structures in the male reproductive system
scrotum and penis
what is the scrotum
pouch of loose skin that is suspended from the root fo penis outside the abdominopelvic cavity
what does the scrotal septum do
internally divides scrotum with 1 testis in each section
what is the dartos muscle
smooth muscle within scrotal septum and scrotal wall
what is the function of the dartos muscle
tightens scrotum to reduce heat loss
where are the cremastor muscles located
within spermatic cords
what are cremastor muscles
skeletal muscle that are extensions of the internal obliques
what do cremastor muscles
adjusts distance of testes from body wall
what are the endocrine functions in the testes
produce and release male hormones called androgens
what are the exocrine functions in the testes
produce and release sperm
what are the layers of the testes from deep to superficial
tunica albuginea, tunica vaginalis, spermatic fascia
what is the tunica albuginea made of
dense fibrous connective tissue
what does the tunica albuginea form
septa that divide testes into lobules
what is the tunica vaginalis
extension of peritoneum
what is the spermatic fascia made of
loose connective tissue
where are the seminiferous tubules located
within the lobules of the testes
what happens in the seminiferous tubules
spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis
what happens is spermatogenesis
formation of spermatids through meiosis
where does spermatogenesis occur
walls of seminiferous tubules
what happens is spermiogenesis
maturation of sperm- development of haploid spermatids into sperm
where does spermatogenesis occur
seminiferous tubules
what are straight tubules
short ducts
what are rete testis
network of ducts
what are efferent ducts
coiled
what is the epididymys
1st part of male duct system
what do Leydig cells do
produce and secret androgens (testosterone)
where are leydig cells located
Interstitial spaces of testes
what are interstitial spaces
triangular shape spaces between seminiferous tubules
what are leydig cells stimulated by
LH
what do sertoli cells do
they provide chemical environment for spermatogenesis and assists cells to move from basement membrane to lumen of seminiferous tubules
where are Sertoli cells located
walls of seminiferous tubules
what are Sertoli cells stimulated by
FSH
what are the ducts of the testes
straight tubules, rate testis, efferent ducts
what does the epididymis do
- site of sperm storage
- reabsorbs degenerated sperm or any sperm not ejaculated after several months
- propels sperm into vas deferent by peristaltic contractions of smooth muscle
where is the epididymis located
curves over posterior of corresponding testis
where is the vas deferens located
travels through spermatic cord into pelvic cavity
what does the vas deferens do
broadens into an ampulla that joins with seminal vesicle duct to the ejaculatory duct
where is the ejaculatory duct located
prostate gland
where is the spermatic cord located
ascends out of scrotum
how does the spermatic cord enter the pelvic cavity
through inguinal canals
what does the spermatic cord contain
vas deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus, nerves, lymphatic vessels, cremaster muscle
what is the pampiniform plexus
vein network
what does the paminiform plexus do
- drains testes and carries testosterone into circulation
- helps control testis temperature by allowing evaporation of heat from artery
what are the accessory sex glands in males
seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and cowpers gland
how much semen do the seminal vesicles secrete
60%
where are the seminal vesicles located
posterior to urinary bladder
what is found in the seminal vesicles and what does it do
alkaline fluid, neutralizes acidic male urethra and female vagina
what does alkaline fluid contain
fructose (energy source for sperm) and prostaglandins which stimulate sperm motility and muscular contractions in female repro tract.
how much semen does the prostate gland secrete
25%
where is the prostate gland located
surrounds prostatic urethra inferior to urinary bladder
what does the fluid in the prostate gland contain
proteolytic enzymes which increases sperm viability and motility. slightly acidic
what is BPH
benign prostatic hypertrophy
how much semen does cowpers gland secrete
15%
where are the cowpers glands located
within urogenital diaphragm on either side of membranous urethra
what do cowpers glands contain
alkaline fluid and secretes mucus
what is the penis
- cylindrical shaft that contains spongy urethra
- passageway for urine and ejaculation of semen
what does the suspensory ligament of the penis do
- attaches penis to pubic symphysis
- supports penis when erect
what are the 3 cylindrical masses (erectile tissue) of the penis
corpora cavernous and corpora spongiosum
what does corpora cavernous contain
blood sinuses
what does corpora spongiosum contain
spongy urethra and blood sinuses
what is the glans penis
extension of corpus spongiosum that is covered with prepuce (foreskin) and contains the external urethral orifice
what are the components in sperm
head, mid piece, tail
what does the head contain
nucleus-contains chromosomes
acrosome- contains hydrolytic enzymes that allow sperm to penetrate oocyte
what does the mid piece contain
mitochondria-produce ATP for motility
what does the tail contain
flagellum-propels sperm
what are the functions of the female reproductive system
- produce secondary oocytes and hormones, including estrogen and progesterone
- transport secondary oocytes to uterus
- protect and nourish developing embryo and fetus
- receive penis during sexual intercourse and provide passageway for childbirth
- synthesize, secrete, nd eject milk for newborn
what are the components of the female repro system
- ovaries
- uterine tubes
- uterus
- vagina
- external genitalia
- mammary glands
what are the female gonads
paired oval shaped glands located on either side of the uterus
what are the endocrine functions of the female gonads
produce and release hormones
what are the exocrine functions of the female gonads
produce and release secondary oocytes
what are the function of the fallopian tubes
- receive and transport secondary oocyte to superior part of uterus
- provide a route for sperm to reach ovum
what are the regions in the fallopian tubes
infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus
what is the infundibulum
distal portion of the uterine tube
what are fimbrae and where are they located
finger like projections producing a small current from swaying that helps oocyte to come into uterine tube
what is the ampulla
longest region (2/3 of length), where fertilization occurs
what Is the isthmus
proximal to uterus, narrower lumen and thicker walls compared to infundibulum and ampulla
what is the uterine tube lined with
ciliated columnar epithelium
how do zygotes move through uterine tube
beating of cilia and peristaltic smooth muscle contractions
what is the function of the uterus
site of implantation of fertilized ovum, development of fetus, labor, source of menstrual flow
what are the regions in the uterus
funds, body, cervix
what is the fundus
dome shaped superior portion and meets uterine tubes
what is the largest region in uterus
the body
what is the cervix
narrow region that opens into vagina
what is in the cervix
internal O’s, cervical canal, external O’s
what are the internal O’s
opening between uterus and cervix
what is the cervical canal
cavity within cervix
what are the external O’s
opening between cervix and vagina
what are the layers in the uterus
endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
what is the endometrium
inner vascular layer lining uterine cavity
what is in the endometrium
stratum functionalism and stratum basalis
what does the stratum functionalists do
sloughs off during menstruation
what does the stratum Basilis do
creates new start, functionalists after each mesntruation
what is the thickest layer in the uterus
myometrium
what are the 3 smooth muscle layers in the myometrium
circular, oblique, longitudinal
what is the perimetric of the uterus
thin outer layer
what are the 4 ligaments that keep the uterus bent forward
broad, round, ovarian, suspensory
what are the female glands
skene’s glands, bartholin glands
where are the skenes glands located
ducts near urethra that lubricate the urethra, antimicrobial
where are the bartholin glands located and what do they do
near vagina, lubriacates vagina with mucus
what are skenes glands homologous to
prostate gland
what are bartholin glands homologous to
cowpers glands
what are the mammary glands
modified sweat glands
what are the mammary glands surrounded by
adipose tissue
what are the external structures of the mammary glands
areola, nipple, lactiferous duct opening
what is the areola
circular pigmented area around nipple
what is the nipple
pigmented projection
what are lactiferous duct openings
where milk emerges
what are the internal structures in the mammary glands
alveoli, lobules, lobes, mammary ducts, lactiferous sinuses, lactiferous ducts
what are alveoli
milk producing glands
what are lobules
clusters of alveoli
what are lobes made up of
lobules
what do mammary ducts do
drain one lobe
what doe lactiferous sinuses do
drain mammary ducts
what do lactiferous ducts do
drain lactiferous sinuses
what are the regions of the ovaries
germinal epithelium, cortex, medulla
what is germinal epithelium
simple epithelium
what does the cortex contain
follicles
what does the medulla contain
connective tissues, blood vessels and nerves
what do granulosa cells do
secrete estrogen
what do theca cells do
provide the precursor for granulosa cells to produce estrogen
what do Graafian follicles become after ovulation
corpus luteteum and later into corpus albicans if ovum is not fertilized
what does corpus luteum do
secretes progesterone
what do primordial follicles contain
primary oocytes surrounded by follicular cells
what do primary follicles contain
primary oocytes surrounded by follicular cells and granulosa cells
what do secondary follicles contain
primary oocytes and antrum
what doe Graafian follicles contain
secondary oocytes
what does the endometrium line in the uterus
uterine cavity
what is in the endometrium in the uterus
endometrial glands, stratum functionalists, stratum basilis
what does the stratum functionalis in the uterus do
increases in size each month to prepare for zygote
