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Physio 202 lab > Unit 2 Lab 5 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Lab 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what are some functions of the lymphatic system

A
  • drains excess interstitial fluid and returns it to the bloodstream
  • carries out immune respoinse
  • transports dietary lipids and lipid soluble vitamins
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2
Q

what are components of the lymphatic system

A
  • lymphatic organs
  • lymphatic tissues
  • lymphatic vessels
  • lymph
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3
Q

what is lymph

A

fluid found within lymphatic vessels

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4
Q

what are characteristics of lymphatic capillaries

A

lie near blood capillaries and closed at one end

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5
Q

lymphatic capillaries merge to form what?

A

lymphatic vesssel

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6
Q

lymphatic vessels merge to form what

A

lymph trunks

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7
Q

what do lymph trunks merge to form

A

ducts

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8
Q

what are the two ducts

A

thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct

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9
Q

what does the thoracic duct drain lymph from

A

begins at cisterns chyli and drains legs, abdomen, left arm, left side of throat, neck and head and drains into left subclavian vein

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10
Q

what does the right lymphatic duct drain lymph from

A

right arm and right side of the thorax neck and head and drains into right subclavian vein

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11
Q

what is the flow of lymph

A

lymphatic capillaries > lymphatic vessels > lymphatic nodes > lymphatic vessels > lymphatic trunks > lymphatic ducts

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12
Q

what are the lymph nodes we need to know

A

-submandibular nodes, cervical nodes, axillary nodes, bronchial nodes, mammary nodes, iliac nodes, intestinal nodes, inguinal nodes

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13
Q

what are the lymph trunks we need to know

A

subclavian trunks, jugular trunks, lumbar trunks, intestinal trunks

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14
Q

what are lymphatic organs surrounded by

A

a capsule

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15
Q

what happens in primary lymphatic organs

A

where lymphocytes are produced and become immunocompetent

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16
Q

what are primary lymphatic organs

A

red bone marrow and thymus

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17
Q

what happens in secondary lymphatic organs

A

immune responses occur

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18
Q

what are the secondary lymphatic organs

A

lymph nodes, spllen

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19
Q

what is in lymphatic tissues

A

lymphatic nodules

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20
Q

what are in lymphatic nodules

A

MALT (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue) and aggregations

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21
Q

what is the function of the spleen

A
  • filters blood of foreign organisms and particles
  • eliminates old erythrocytes
  • blood reservoir for platelts
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22
Q

what is in white pulp

A
  • nodules

- houses lymphocytes and macrophages

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23
Q

what is in red pulp

A

houses platelets and erythrocytes

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24
Q

what are MALTs

A

tiny specs of lymphoid tissue inside connective tissue of mucous membranes

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25
Q

where are MALTs found

A

urinary digestive reproductive and respiratory tracts

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26
Q

what are aggregations

A

large clumps or clusters of lymphoid tissue

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27
Q

what are examples of aggregations

A

Peters patches, appendix, tonsils, bronchial nodules

28
Q

what is the route through the lymph node

A

afferent vessels > subcapsular sinus > trabecular sinus > medullary sinus > efferent vessels

29
Q

what are the two parts to lymphocytes

A

T cells and B cells

30
Q

what are B cells

A
  • originate in red bone marrow
  • matrue and become immunocompetent in red bone marrow
  • antibody mediated immunity
31
Q

what are t cells

A
  • originate in red bone marroq
  • mature and become immunocompetent in thymus
  • cell mediated immunity
32
Q

what do B cells have?

A

plasma cells and memory B cells

33
Q

what do plasma cells do

A

secrete antibodies

34
Q

what do memory B cells do

A

aid in fighting foreign body at a future time

35
Q

what do T cells have

A

helper T cells, killer T cells, and memory T cells

36
Q

what do helper T cells do

A

secrete cytokines to help activate other immune cells

37
Q

what do killer T cells do

A

directly attack and destroy infected cells

38
Q

what do memory T cells do

A

aid in fighting foreign body at a future time

39
Q

what are causes of tonsilitis

A

viral or bacterial

40
Q

what are symptoms of tonsilitis

A

sore throat, fever, swollen lymph nodes, nasal congestion, difficulty swallowing, headache

41
Q

what are treatments for tonsilitis

A

antibiotics or tonsilectomy

42
Q

what causes appendicitis

A

blockage in the lining of appendix that results in infection

43
Q

what are symptoms of appendicitis

A

abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, loss of apetite

44
Q

what is metastasis in cancer

A

spread of cancer from one part of the body to another

45
Q

how can metastasis occur

A

via blood vessels or lymphatic vessels

46
Q

what are secondary tumor sites

A

establishment of new tumors where cancer cells are lodges after traveling though lymph or blood

47
Q

what is the difference between cancerous lymph nodes and enlarged lymph nodes

A

cancerous lymph nodes are enlarged and firm and fixed, enlarged lymph nodes are softer tender and movable

48
Q

what are treatments for elaphantiasis

A

preventative chemotherapy, hygiene, skincare

49
Q

what is elephantiasis

A

lymphoma- tissue swelling

50
Q

what are some functions of the endocrine system

A

secretes hormones to cause changes in the activity of target cells and direct cellular activities > maintains homeostasis

51
Q

what are the components to the endocrine system

A

-pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes

52
Q

what are endocrine glands

A

secrete hormones into interstitial fluid and blood surrounding the secretory cells

53
Q

what are exocrine glands

A

secrete products into ducts that carry secretions into body cavities into the lumen of an organ or to outer surface of body

54
Q

what is paracrine

A

acting on neighboring cells

55
Q

what is autocrine

A

acting on same cell that secreted molecules

56
Q

which is faster endocrine system or nervous system

A

nervous system because fast acting travels short distances

57
Q

what is the function of the hypothalamus

A

links nervous and endocrine systems

-regulates pituitary gland

58
Q

what are some characteristics of the anterior pituitary gland

A
  • composed of glandular epithelial tissue
  • makes and secretes 7 hormones
  • hypophyseal portal system
59
Q

what is the hypophyseal portal system

A

hypothalamus will secrete hormones into blood that will stimulate or inhibit the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones

60
Q

what are some characteristics of the posterior pituitary gland

A
  • composed of neural tissue
  • stores and releases into blood 2 hormones
  • ADH and OT synthesized within cell bodies of hypothalamic neurons, packages into vesicles travel down axons into posterior pituitary and released into blood
61
Q

what is negative feedback

A
  • reverses a change in a controlled condition

- hormones released by target glands decrease secretions of their tropic hormones

62
Q

what is positive feedback

A
  • strengthens a change in body’s controlled condition

- adds to or reinforces the initial change in controlled condition

63
Q

what is type 1 diabetes?

A

autoimmune disorder > immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells and little to no insulin is produces

64
Q

who does type 1 diabetes affect?

A

people under 20

65
Q

what is type 2 diabetes?

A

decreases insulin sensitivity > pancreatic beta cells still produce insulin but insulin receptors on target cells become less sensitive to insulin

66
Q

who does type 2 diabetes affect?

A

adult onset, largely affects people older than 35

Physio 202 lab (12 decks)

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