Unit 3 Lab 6 Flashcards
what are some functions of the digestive system
- ingestion of food
- secretion of digestive juices
- mixing and propulsion of food
- digestion of food into small, absorbable molecules
- absorption of digestive products from GI tract into body
- defecation
what are the organs of the GI tract that come in direct contact with food?
- mouth
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine
- rectum
- anus
what are the accessory digestive organs
- teeth
- tongue
- salivary glands
- liver
- gallbladder
- pancreas
what are the layers of the Gi tract from superficial to deep?
mucosa, submucosa, muscular, serosa
what is in the mucosa layer?
- epithelium
- lamina propria
- muscularis mucosae
what is lamina propria
connective tissue containing many blood and lymphatic vessels to aid in absorption and contains MALTS
what is muscular mucosae?
smooth muscles that allows stomach and small intestine to have many folds
what does the submucosa do
connects mucosa to muscular, contains many blood and lymphatic vessels to receive absorbed molecules
what is the muscular layer made of
circular smooth muscle layer and longitudinal smooth muscle layer
what does the muscular layer make up
skeletal muscle in mouth, pharynx, and superior and middle esophagus; smooth muscle throughout the rest of the tract
what is the serosa layer
serous membrane composed of connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium; also called visceral peritoneum
what is the largest serous membrane in the body
peritoneum
what kind of epithelium and tissue does the peritoneum have?
simple squamous epithelium and connective tissue
what does the peritoneum do
has large folds that secure organs together and to abdominal walls
what does visceral peritoneum cover
organs within abdominopelvic cavity
what does parietal peritoneum line
the inner surface of the abdominopelvic wall
what is the peritoneal cavity
space between the two peritoneal layers
what are the retroperitoneal organs
kidneys, ascending and descending colons of the large intestine, duodenum of the small intestine, pancreas
what does the lesser omentum do
connects stomach and liver
what does the mesocolon do
holds large intestine to posterior abdominal wall
what does the greater omentum do
fatty layer that attaches to transverse colon
what does the laciform ligament do
connects liver to anterior abdominal wall
what are the functions of the mouth
ingestion, secretion, mechanical and chemical digestion, mixing and propulsion
what is the function of the teeth
mastication
what is the function of the tongue
mixes food with saliva from salivary glands
what do the tongue and soft palate do
propel food into oropharynx when swallowing
what are the 3 regions of the teeth
- crown
- neck
- root
what are the structures in the teeth
- peridontal ligament
- dentin
- enamel
- cementum
- gingiva
- pulp cavity
- pulp
- root canals
- apical foramen
what are the types of teeth
incisors, canines, molars
what do incisors do
cut food
what do canines do
tear food
what do molars do
crush and grind food
what do the salivary glands do
secretes saliva, which moistens food and contains enzymes to initiate chemical digestion
what are the glands in the salivary glands
- parotid glands
- submandibular glands
- sublingual glands
what does peristalsis in the esophagus do
contractions and relaxations of the muscular layer
what does the esophagus do
propulsion, peristalsis, and distends when food moves through it
what type of epithelium is the mucosa layer made of
nonkeratinized strafed squamous
what is the deepest layer in the esophagus
adventitia
what does the upper esophageal sphincter made of and what does it do?
skeletal muscle, controls passage of food from laryngopharnx into esophagus
what does the lower esophageal sphincter do and what is it made of?
smooth muscle, controls passage of food from esophagus into stomach
what is the function of the stomach
secretion of gastric juices, mixing and propulsion and mechanical and chemical digestion
what are the 4 areas of the stomach
- cardia
- fundus
- body
- pylorus
what is the cardia part of the stomach?
1st part of the stomach, inferior to lower esophageal sphincter
what is the fundus part of the stomach
elevated area to the left of cardia, serves as temporary holding area for food
what is the body in the stomach
largest, curved part of the stomach
what is the pylorus in the stomach
continues tot he right of the body after the curve
what does the pylorus contain
pyloric antrum and pyloric canal
what does the pyloric sphincter do
allows food to enter duodenum
what is the function of rugae
allows stomach to streth
what is the muscular layer in the stomach made of
oblique layer (inner) > circular layer (middle) > longitudinal layer (outer)
what is the function of the small intestine
secretion, mixing and propulsion, mechanical and chemical digestion, and absorption
where does most nutrient and water absorption occur
in the small intestin
what is segmentation
local contractions of the muscular layer to mix and churn food
what are the 3 sections of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
what is the ileocecal sphincter
where small intestine joins large intestine
what increases surface area for absorption
circular folds, villi, microvilli
what is the function of the large intestine
secretion, mixing and propulsion, chemical digestion, absorption, and defecation
what are the structures in the large intestine
cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal
does the cecum contain
the appendix
what is the appendix made of
lymphatic tissue
what are the parts of the colon
ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
what is teniae coli
smooth muscle which runs along large intestine
what are haustra
pushes formed from contraction
what are epiploic appendages
fat filled pouches of visceral peritoneum that hang from teniae coli
what kind of epithelium does the anal canal have
stratified squamous epithelium
what is the anus
opening to the exterior
what is the internal anal sphincter made of
smooth muscle (INVOLUNTARY)
what is the external anal sphincter made of
skeletal muscle (VOLUNTARY)
what do exocrine glands in the pancreas do
secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into duodenum
what do endocrine glands do in the pancreas
regulates blood sugar levels
what are the 3 regions in the pancreas
head body and tail
what does the pancreatic duct do
joins common bile duct which does into hepatopancreatic ampulla
what is the accessory pancreatic duct
branches off of pancreatic duct and also opens into duodenum
what do the liver and gallbladder do
makes bile
what does bile do
emulsifies lipids and prepares them for digestion in small intestine
what stores bile
the gallbladder
where do the right and left hepatic ducts go
common hepatic duct
where do the cystic duct and common hepatic duct go
common bile duct
where do the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct go
hepatopancreatic ampulla
