Unit 3 Lab 6

Question 1

what are some functions of the digestive system

Answer 1

• ingestion of food
• secretion of digestive juices
• mixing and propulsion of food
• digestion of food into small, absorbable molecules
• absorption of digestive products from GI tract into body
• defecation

Question 2

what are the organs of the GI tract that come in direct contact with food?

Answer 2

• mouth
• pharynx
• esophagus
• stomach
• small intestine
• large intestine
• rectum
• anus

Question 3

what are the accessory digestive organs

Answer 3

• teeth
• tongue
• salivary glands
• liver
• gallbladder
• pancreas

Question 4

what are the layers of the Gi tract from superficial to deep?

Answer 4

mucosa, submucosa, muscular, serosa

Question 5

what is in the mucosa layer?

Answer 5

• epithelium
• lamina propria
• muscularis mucosae

Question 6

what is lamina propria

Answer 6

connective tissue containing many blood and lymphatic vessels to aid in absorption and contains MALTS

Question 7

what is muscular mucosae?

Answer 7

smooth muscles that allows stomach and small intestine to have many folds

Question 8

what does the submucosa do

Answer 8

connects mucosa to muscular, contains many blood and lymphatic vessels to receive absorbed molecules

Question 9

what is the muscular layer made of

Answer 9

circular smooth muscle layer and longitudinal smooth muscle layer

Question 10

what does the muscular layer make up

Answer 10

skeletal muscle in mouth, pharynx, and superior and middle esophagus; smooth muscle throughout the rest of the tract

Question 11

what is the serosa layer

Answer 11

serous membrane composed of connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium; also called visceral peritoneum

Question 12

what is the largest serous membrane in the body

Answer 12

peritoneum

Question 13

what kind of epithelium and tissue does the peritoneum have?

Answer 13

simple squamous epithelium and connective tissue

Question 14

what does the peritoneum do

Answer 14

has large folds that secure organs together and to abdominal walls

Question 15

what does visceral peritoneum cover

Answer 15

organs within abdominopelvic cavity

Question 16

what does parietal peritoneum line

Answer 16

the inner surface of the abdominopelvic wall

Question 17

what is the peritoneal cavity

Answer 17

space between the two peritoneal layers

Question 18

what are the retroperitoneal organs

Answer 18

kidneys, ascending and descending colons of the large intestine, duodenum of the small intestine, pancreas

Question 19

what does the lesser omentum do

Answer 19

connects stomach and liver

Question 20

what does the mesocolon do

Answer 20

holds large intestine to posterior abdominal wall

Question 21

what does the greater omentum do

Answer 21

fatty layer that attaches to transverse colon

Question 22

what does the laciform ligament do

Answer 22

connects liver to anterior abdominal wall

Question 23

what are the functions of the mouth

Answer 23

ingestion, secretion, mechanical and chemical digestion, mixing and propulsion

Question 24

what is the function of the teeth

Answer 24

mastication

Question 25

what is the function of the tongue

Answer 25

mixes food with saliva from salivary glands

Question 26

what do the tongue and soft palate do

Answer 26

propel food into oropharynx when swallowing

Question 27

what are the 3 regions of the teeth

Answer 27

- crown - neck - root

Question 28

what are the structures in the teeth

Answer 28

- peridontal ligament - dentin - enamel - cementum - gingiva - pulp cavity - pulp - root canals - apical foramen

Question 29

what are the types of teeth

Answer 29

incisors, canines, molars

Question 30

what do incisors do

Answer 30

cut food

Question 31

what do canines do

Answer 31

tear food

Question 32

what do molars do

Answer 32

crush and grind food

Question 33

what do the salivary glands do

Answer 33

secretes saliva, which moistens food and contains enzymes to initiate chemical digestion

Question 34

what are the glands in the salivary glands

Answer 34

- parotid glands - submandibular glands - sublingual glands

Question 35

what does peristalsis in the esophagus do

Answer 35

contractions and relaxations of the muscular layer

Question 36

what does the esophagus do

Answer 36

propulsion, peristalsis, and distends when food moves through it

Question 37

what type of epithelium is the mucosa layer made of

Answer 37

nonkeratinized strafed squamous

Question 38

what is the deepest layer in the esophagus

Answer 38

adventitia

Question 39

what does the upper esophageal sphincter made of and what does it do?

Answer 39

skeletal muscle, controls passage of food from laryngopharnx into esophagus

Question 40

what does the lower esophageal sphincter do and what is it made of?

Answer 40

smooth muscle, controls passage of food from esophagus into stomach

Question 41

what is the function of the stomach

Answer 41

secretion of gastric juices, mixing and propulsion and mechanical and chemical digestion

Question 42

what are the 4 areas of the stomach

Answer 42

- cardia - fundus - body - pylorus

Question 43

what is the cardia part of the stomach?

Answer 43

1st part of the stomach, inferior to lower esophageal sphincter

Question 44

what is the fundus part of the stomach

Answer 44

elevated area to the left of cardia, serves as temporary holding area for food

Question 45

what is the body in the stomach

Answer 45

largest, curved part of the stomach

Question 46

what is the pylorus in the stomach

Answer 46

continues tot he right of the body after the curve

Question 47

what does the pylorus contain

Answer 47

pyloric antrum and pyloric canal

Question 48

what does the pyloric sphincter do

Answer 48

allows food to enter duodenum

Question 49

what is the function of rugae

Answer 49

allows stomach to streth

Question 50

what is the muscular layer in the stomach made of

Answer 50

oblique layer (inner) > circular layer (middle) > longitudinal layer (outer)

Question 51

what is the function of the small intestine

Answer 51

secretion, mixing and propulsion, mechanical and chemical digestion, and absorption

Question 52

where does most nutrient and water absorption occur

Answer 52

in the small intestin

Question 53

what is segmentation

Answer 53

local contractions of the muscular layer to mix and churn food

Question 54

what are the 3 sections of the small intestine

Answer 54

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 55

what is the ileocecal sphincter

Answer 55

where small intestine joins large intestine

Question 56

what increases surface area for absorption

Answer 56

circular folds, villi, microvilli

Question 57

what is the function of the large intestine

Answer 57

secretion, mixing and propulsion, chemical digestion, absorption, and defecation

Question 58

what are the structures in the large intestine

Answer 58

cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal

Question 59

does the cecum contain

Answer 59

the appendix

Question 60

what is the appendix made of

Answer 60

lymphatic tissue

Question 61

what are the parts of the colon

Answer 61

ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

Question 62

what is teniae coli

Answer 62

smooth muscle which runs along large intestine

Question 63

what are haustra

Answer 63

pushes formed from contraction

Question 64

what are epiploic appendages

Answer 64

fat filled pouches of visceral peritoneum that hang from teniae coli

Question 65

what kind of epithelium does the anal canal have

Answer 65

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 66

what is the anus

Answer 66

opening to the exterior

Question 67

what is the internal anal sphincter made of

Answer 67

smooth muscle (INVOLUNTARY)

Question 68

what is the external anal sphincter made of

Answer 68

skeletal muscle (VOLUNTARY)

Question 69

what do exocrine glands in the pancreas do

Answer 69

secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into duodenum

Question 70

what do endocrine glands do in the pancreas

Answer 70

regulates blood sugar levels

Question 71

what are the 3 regions in the pancreas

Answer 71

head body and tail

Question 72

what does the pancreatic duct do

Answer 72

joins common bile duct which does into hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 73

what is the accessory pancreatic duct

Answer 73

branches off of pancreatic duct and also opens into duodenum

Question 74

what do the liver and gallbladder do

Answer 74

makes bile

Question 75

what does bile do

Answer 75

emulsifies lipids and prepares them for digestion in small intestine

Question 76

what stores bile

Answer 76

the gallbladder

Question 77

where do the right and left hepatic ducts go

Answer 77

common hepatic duct

Question 78

where do the cystic duct and common hepatic duct go

Answer 78

common bile duct

Question 79

where do the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct go

Answer 79

hepatopancreatic ampulla