Unit 3 Lab 7

Question 1

what are some things put in the tubes during the enzyme spit experiment?

Answer 1

saliva, starch, HCL, juice, and cold and warm temperatures, and iodine

Question 2

what does iodine do in the enzyme spit experiment

Answer 2

it will turn the tube clear if most digested and purple if less digested

Question 3

what is mechanical digestion

Answer 3

mechanically breaking food into smaller pieces

Question 4

what are some examples of mechanical digestion

Answer 4

-mastication, peristalsis, segmentations

Question 5

what does mastication

Answer 5

the mouth

Question 6

where does peristalsis occur

Answer 6

esophagus/stomach

Question 7

where do segmentations occur

Answer 7

small intestine

Question 8

what happens in peristalsis

Answer 8

contractions and relaxations of muscular to move food onward; churn and mix food

Question 9

what happens in segmentation

Answer 9

smooth muscle contractions that create back and forth movements to mix chyme with digestive enzymes

Question 10

what is chemical digestion

Answer 10

enzymatic breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones

Question 11

what is the difference between catabolism and anabolism

Answer 11

anabolism builds things catabolism breaks things down

Question 12

what do amylases do

Answer 12

digest polysaccharides (carbohydrates)

Question 13

what do lipase do

Answer 13

break down lipids (fats)

Question 14

what do proteases/peptidases do

Answer 14

breakdown proteins

Question 15

what is the difference between contraction and relaxation movements in segmentation and peristalsis

Answer 15

in peristalsis adjacent segments of the alimentary canal organs relax and contract but in segmentation nonadjacent segments of the alimentary canal organs contract and relax

Question 16

what are enzymes

Answer 16

protein molecules that act as biological catalysts

Question 17

what do enzymes do

Answer 17

• act on substrates to produce products
• speed up the rate of chemical reactions
• work better when there is a greater surface area
• have optimal environmental conditions like temp and pH

Question 18

how could having a fever affect enzyme activity

Answer 18

it can denature them

Question 19

describe lipids

Answer 19

non polar and hydrophobic so they don’t dissolve readily in GI tract

Question 20

what do soaps do?

Answer 20

separate lipids, but do not chemically break them down

Question 21

what does bile do

Answer 21

separates lipids to increase the surface area for lipase to act

Question 22

is bile and enzyme

Answer 22

no

Question 23

how must the diet change when the gallbladder is removed

Answer 23

low fat diet

Question 24

in the cracker experiment how does the taste change after its been sitting in your mouth

Answer 24

it becomes sweeter

Question 25

what is gustation

Answer 25

taste

Question 26

what happens in the experiment with the role of saliva in gustation

Answer 26

you can’t taste the sugar you put on your dry tongue unless moistened with salvia. the receptors in your tongue can only sense taste when moistened with saliva

Question 27

where are taste buds located

Answer 27

tongue, soft palate, pharynx, larynx

Question 28

what do taste buds contain

Answer 28

gustatory cells, gustatory hairs, and supporting cells

Question 29

what do gustatory cells synapse with

Answer 29

sensory neurons of cranial nerves VII, IX, X (facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus)

Question 30

what do gustatory hairs contain

Answer 30

gustatory receptors

Question 31

what do gustatory hairs project through

Answer 31

taste pore

Question 32

what are papillae

Answer 32

elevations on tongue where taste buds are found

Question 33

what do papillae do

Answer 33

increase surface area and have a “rough” texture

Question 34

what are the 4 types of papillae

Answer 34

vallate, fungiform, foliate, filiform

Question 35

describe vallate papillae

Answer 35

• largest

- form inverted V at posterior tongue

Question 36

describe fungiform papillae

Answer 36

• mushroom shaped

- scattered over surface of tongue

Question 37

describe foliate papillae

Answer 37

• present mostly in children

- lateral margins of tongue

Question 38

describe filiform papillae

Answer 38

• contain no taste buds
• cover surface of tongue
• have tactile receptors so they can “feel” texture

Question 39

what are the 5 primary taste sensations

Answer 39

sweet, bitter, salty, sour, umami

Question 40

what is umami

Answer 40

savory or meaty

Question 41

where is sweet and salty found on the tongue

Answer 41

tip of tongue

Question 42

where is bitter found on tongue

Answer 42

back of tongue

Question 43

where is sour found on tongue

Answer 43

sides of tongue

Question 44

what is basal metabolic rate

Answer 44

• resting energy expenditure

- energy your body needs to sustain vital function under resting conditions