Unit 3 Lab 7 Flashcards

1
Q

what are some things put in the tubes during the enzyme spit experiment?

A

saliva, starch, HCL, juice, and cold and warm temperatures, and iodine

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2
Q

what does iodine do in the enzyme spit experiment

A

it will turn the tube clear if most digested and purple if less digested

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3
Q

what is mechanical digestion

A

mechanically breaking food into smaller pieces

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4
Q

what are some examples of mechanical digestion

A

-mastication, peristalsis, segmentations

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5
Q

what does mastication

A

the mouth

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6
Q

where does peristalsis occur

A

esophagus/stomach

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7
Q

where do segmentations occur

A

small intestine

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8
Q

what happens in peristalsis

A

contractions and relaxations of muscular to move food onward; churn and mix food

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9
Q

what happens in segmentation

A

smooth muscle contractions that create back and forth movements to mix chyme with digestive enzymes

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10
Q

what is chemical digestion

A

enzymatic breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones

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11
Q

what is the difference between catabolism and anabolism

A

anabolism builds things catabolism breaks things down

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12
Q

what do amylases do

A

digest polysaccharides (carbohydrates)

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13
Q

what do lipase do

A

break down lipids (fats)

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14
Q

what do proteases/peptidases do

A

breakdown proteins

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15
Q

what is the difference between contraction and relaxation movements in segmentation and peristalsis

A

in peristalsis adjacent segments of the alimentary canal organs relax and contract but in segmentation nonadjacent segments of the alimentary canal organs contract and relax

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16
Q

what are enzymes

A

protein molecules that act as biological catalysts

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17
Q

what do enzymes do

A
  • act on substrates to produce products
  • speed up the rate of chemical reactions
  • work better when there is a greater surface area
  • have optimal environmental conditions like temp and pH
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18
Q

how could having a fever affect enzyme activity

A

it can denature them

19
Q

describe lipids

A

non polar and hydrophobic so they don’t dissolve readily in GI tract

20
Q

what do soaps do?

A

separate lipids, but do not chemically break them down

21
Q

what does bile do

A

separates lipids to increase the surface area for lipase to act

22
Q

is bile and enzyme

A

no

23
Q

how must the diet change when the gallbladder is removed

A

low fat diet

24
Q

in the cracker experiment how does the taste change after its been sitting in your mouth

A

it becomes sweeter

25
Q

what is gustation

A

taste

26
Q

what happens in the experiment with the role of saliva in gustation

A

you can’t taste the sugar you put on your dry tongue unless moistened with salvia. the receptors in your tongue can only sense taste when moistened with saliva

27
Q

where are taste buds located

A

tongue, soft palate, pharynx, larynx

28
Q

what do taste buds contain

A

gustatory cells, gustatory hairs, and supporting cells

29
Q

what do gustatory cells synapse with

A

sensory neurons of cranial nerves VII, IX, X (facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus)

30
Q

what do gustatory hairs contain

A

gustatory receptors

31
Q

what do gustatory hairs project through

A

taste pore

32
Q

what are papillae

A

elevations on tongue where taste buds are found

33
Q

what do papillae do

A

increase surface area and have a “rough” texture

34
Q

what are the 4 types of papillae

A

vallate, fungiform, foliate, filiform

35
Q

describe vallate papillae

A
  • largest

- form inverted V at posterior tongue

36
Q

describe fungiform papillae

A
  • mushroom shaped

- scattered over surface of tongue

37
Q

describe foliate papillae

A
  • present mostly in children

- lateral margins of tongue

38
Q

describe filiform papillae

A
  • contain no taste buds
  • cover surface of tongue
  • have tactile receptors so they can “feel” texture
39
Q

what are the 5 primary taste sensations

A

sweet, bitter, salty, sour, umami

40
Q

what is umami

A

savory or meaty

41
Q

where is sweet and salty found on the tongue

A

tip of tongue

42
Q

where is bitter found on tongue

A

back of tongue

43
Q

where is sour found on tongue

A

sides of tongue

44
Q

what is basal metabolic rate

A
  • resting energy expenditure

- energy your body needs to sustain vital function under resting conditions