Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physio 202 lab > Unit 1 Lab 2 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Lab 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the general path in systemic and pulmonary circulations

A

arteries > arterioles > capillaries > venues > veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what do capillaries do?

A

allow for the exchange of nutrients, wastes and gases between blood and body tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 3 layers of arteries?

A
  • tunica interna
  • tunica media
  • tunica externa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what makes up the tunica interna?

A
  • endothelium
  • basement membrane
  • internal elastic lamina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what makes up the tunica media?

A

smooth muscle and external elastic lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does endothelium in the tunica interna do?

A
  • simple squamous epithelium

- forms a smooth slick lining to promote blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does the basement membrane in the tunica interna do?

A

physical support base for endothelial layer = provides tensile strength and resilience for stretch and recoil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the purpose of the internal elastic lamina?

A

it is elastic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the thickest layer in veins?

A

tunica externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the tunica external made of and what is its function?

A

elastic and collagen fibers and they provide support and protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

is the vessel wall: vessel diameter ratio big or small in veins?

A

small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

describe the lumen in veins

A

larger than arteries and appears collapsed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do valves do?

A

prevent the back flow of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is in the blood reservoir?

A

majority of blood volume at rest is about 64% in venous circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do the venous valves make up?

A

the folds of the tunica interna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the venous valves?

A

flap like cusps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the 3 ways to overcome low pressure gradient and gravity to maintain venous return?

A
  • skeletal muscle pump
  • respiratory pump
  • arterial pump
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what happens in the skeletal pump?

A

contraction of muscles surrounding veins to compress them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what happens in the respiratory pump?

A

during inhalation diaphragm contracts and moves downwards increasing the pressure in abdominal cavity and decreasing the pressure in thoracic cavity
-> abdominal veins become compressed and blood moves to decompressed thoracic veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what happens in the arterial pump?

A
  • constriction/dilation of arteries compress surrounding veins
  • as an arterial pulse propagates along an artery, it pushes up against parallel veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are capillaries?

A

extensive network of branched interconnected vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what do capillaries do?

A

increase surface area available for rapid exchange of materials between blood and tissue cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is endothelium made of in capillaries?

A

simple squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what does endothelium of capillaries contain?

A
  • tight junction
  • intercellular clefts
  • fenestrations
  • and vesicles
25
Q

what are tight junctions?

A

fusion of plasma membranes of adjacent cells

26
Q

what are intercellular clefts?

A

spaces between cells

27
Q

what are fenestrations

A

pores in plasma membrane covered by a diaphragm

28
Q

how many blood cells can fit in a capillary?

A

smallest diameter so only one blood cell at a time

29
Q

what are the 3 types of capillaries?

A
  • continuoud
  • fenestrated
  • sinusoidal
30
Q

what do continuous capillaries contain?

A

intercellular clefts

31
Q

what do fenestrated capillaries contain?

A

fenestrations

32
Q

what do sinusoidal capillaries contain?

A
  • large fenestrations
  • large intercellular clefts
  • incomplete or absent basement membrane
33
Q

what is capillary exchange?

A

movement of substances between blood and interstitial fluid

34
Q

where does diffusion occur?

A

through intercellular clefts, fenestrations, or through lipid bilayer of endothelial cell plasma membranes

35
Q

what diffuses across membranes?

A

O2, CO2, glucose, amino acids, hormones

36
Q

what is transcytosis?

A

molecules transported across capillary walls by vesicles

37
Q

how does transcytosis happen?

A

substance in blood plasma packaged into vesicles -> vesicle travels across endothelial cell -> vesicle released into interstitial fluid

38
Q

what substances cross using transcytosis?

A

large lipid insoluble molecules, maternal antibodies passing into fetal circulation

39
Q

what instrument is used to measure arterial BP?

A

sphygmomanometer

40
Q

what artery do you used for BP?

A

brachial artery

41
Q

what are the sounds called when listening to BP?

A

korotkoff sounds

42
Q

what is a normal blood pressure?

A

120/80 mmHg

43
Q

what happens to BP during aerobic exercise?

A
  • CO increases > stroke volume increases > arterial systolic BP increases
  • diastolic BP stays constant or decreases slightly = vasodilation
44
Q

what happens to BP during resistance exercise?

A

-arteries squeeze (vasoconstriction) > peripheral resistance increases > systolic and diastolic BP increases

45
Q

What is affected by vascular resistance?

A
  • blood vessel lumen size
  • blood viscosity
  • total blood vessel length
46
Q

what is mitral valve prolapse?

A

one or both mitral valve cusps protrude into left atrium during ventricular contraction
(sometimes leading to blood leaking back into left atrium)

47
Q

what are symptoms of MVP?

A
  • dizziness
  • fatigue
  • chest pain
  • difficulty breathing
48
Q

what are risk factors of MVP?

A
  • men of age 50+

- linked to Marfan syndrome and muscular dystrophy

49
Q

how is a diagnosis for MVP made?

A
  • auscultating for heart murmur with stethoscope

- echocardiogram

50
Q

what are treatments for MVP?

A
  • surgery

- medications to manage symptoms

51
Q

what is a myocardial infarction?

A

complete obstruction to blood flow in a coronary artery > leads to death of cardiac tissue due to interrupted blood supply

52
Q

what are symptoms or MI?

A
  • pressure, tightness, pain in chest and arms
  • nausea and indigestion
  • shortness of breath
  • cold sweat
53
Q

what are some risk factors for MI?

A
  • men age 45+ and women age 55+
  • high blood cholesterol
  • tobacco use
  • hypertension
54
Q

how is a diagnosis made for MI?

A
  • ECG
  • blood test
  • coronary angiogram
55
Q

what are some treatments for MI?

A
  • medications (blood thinners)

- surgery (coronary angioplasty)

56
Q

what are anastomoses?

A

alternative routes or detours for blood to flow

57
Q

definite trunk

A

short vessel that immediately branches

58
Q

define portal

A

vessel that connects two capillary beds

Physio 202 lab (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions